Cooking Oil #1197028

Vitis vinifera, commonly known as European or common grape, is a woody, deciduous vine that climbs by branched tendrils to 40-60 long over time if left unpruned. Plants grown for grape production are typically pruned much smaller (3-9 long). This species is probably native to southwestern Asia (Caspian and Caucasus regions) and adjacent Europe. It spread over time throughout much of Europe. It was transported around the world by European explorers from the Age of Discovery onward. This vine can climb to the tops of trees or sprawl horizontally over low-growing shrubs. Flaking bark shreds in strips on older stems. Ovate to suborbicular leaves (to 5-9 across) have long stalks, 3-7 palmate lobes, coarsely toothed margins, bristly undersides and cordate bases. Small, greenish, hermaphroditic flowers bloom in May-June in dense panicles. Flowers give way to bunches of soft pulpy grapes (botanically berries) which ripen in summer. Grapes are somewhat variable in size, form and color. Grapes of this species are grown for a variety of purposes, primarily but also as fresh fruit from the vine or dried as currants, raisins or sultanas. Vines are infrequently grown for ornamental purposes only.

Vitis vinifera, known as the grapevine, is indigenous to southern Europe and western Asia, and is today cultivated worldwide. Grape seeds are byproducts of grapes separated during the industrial production of grape juice. They are a potent source of proanthocyanidins, which are also found in almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, peanuts, and walnuts. The in vitro and in vivo experimental data support the concept that proanthocyanidins exert chemoprotective properties against free radicals and oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory activity, and anticarcinogenic properties.

rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the most important staple crops, feeding almost half of the world population. it is cultivated worldwide with a concentration in asia. rice domestication has greatly influenced the history and civilization of humans.

oryza sativa l. and oryza glaberrima, the domestic rice varieties, are diploid species (2n = 24), with 22 wild relative species, and together, comprise four species complexes: the cultivated rice complex and six primary gene pool relatives; the officinalis complex of nine species with five diploid and four tetraploid: the meyeriana complex with two diploid species; the ridleyi complex with two tetraploid species; and two other species of uncertain classification. oryza sativa is a major and important crop of asia, especially southern, eastern, and south-east asia, and also important in southern europe, like france, and the americas, while oryza glaberrima is distributed as a semi-upland (non-irrigated largely, but, irrigated partially, as well) land type found in high rainfall areas.

rice bran oil is rich in protein and vitamin-rich rice bran oil is obtained from the fat and protein extracted from the dehulling of the natural brown rice. this oil is very light and only slightly greasy. as an ingredient in cosmetic products, it gives them a pleasant, moisturizing character. due to the content of uva and uvb-absorbing materials, antioxidant-acting natural oryzanol rice bran oil is ideal for use in sunscreens and day creams. in addition, it provides the best care for sensitive, irritated and damaged skin. it absorbs easily and soothes the skin.

Safflower is an annual plant native to the Mediterranean countries and cultivated in Europe and the U.S. Its glabrous, branching stem grows from 1 to 3 feet high and bears alternate, sessile, oblong, or ovate-lanceolate leaves armed with small, spiny teeth. The orange-yellow flowers grow in flower heads about 1 to 11/2 inches across. This thistle is valued for its orange-yellow flowers in summer and for the oil contained in its seeds. The orange-red flowers of safflower sometimes serve as a substitute for saffron, since they give a (rather pale) colour to the food. They are frequently sold as saffron to tourists in Hungary or Northern Africa (and probably many other parts of the world) Their value as spice is nearly nil, but their staining capability justifies usage in the kitchen.

Carthamus tinctorius L., known as Kafesheh (Persian) and safflower (English) is vastly utilized in Traditional Medicine for various medical conditions, namely dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain and mass, trauma and pain of joints. It is largely used for flavoring and coloring purposes among the local population. Safflower oil protects and nourishes the scalp as well as hair, promoting faster hair growth and reducing hair loss. It also helps unclog the pores and reduce rashes and acne, while facilitating the new growth of cells.

Sesame is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. Sesame seed oil, made from the seeds of sesame, and its lignan, sesamol, have potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a herbaceous annual plant belonging to the Pedaliaceae family. It is cultivated for its protein-rich seed and its edible oil, which is a rich source of UFAs (Elleuch et al., 2007). A substantial amount of the worlds sesame production is consumed as oil. Sesame is a major food source in many parts of the world. It has improved the nutritional status and prevented various diseases in China and Japan for several thousand years (Chen et al., 2005). Sesame seeds are also an important source of dietary fiber and micronutrients such as minerals, lignans, tocopherols, and phytosterols. Sesamum indicum (sesame) seed oil and related cosmetic ingredients are derived from Sesamum indicum. Sesamum indicum (sesame) seed oil, sesamum indicum (sesame) oil unsaponifiables, and hydrogenated sesame seed oil function as conditioning agents. Sodium sesameseedate functions as a cleansing agent, emulsifying agent, and a nonaqueous viscosity increasing agent. These ingredients are neither skin irritants, sensitizers, teratogens, nor carcinogens at exposures that would result from cosmetic use.