UMA Brothers

Mumbai, Maharashtra

Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The mechanism of action of meloxicam is as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The chemical classification of meloxicam is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds. Meloxicam is an oxicam derivative and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid) with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities. Unlike traditional nonselective nsaids, meloxicam preferentially inhibits the activity of cyclo-oxygenase ii (cox-ii), resulting in a decreased conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin precursors. The resulting decrease in prostaglandin synthesis is responsible for the therapeutic effects of meloxicam.

Propranolol is a widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for myocardial infarction; arrhythmia; angina pectoris; hypertension; hyperthyroidism; migraine; pheochromocytoma; and anxiety but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.

Mometasone Is A Medium-potency Synthetic Corticosteroid With Antiinflammatory, Antipruritic And Vasoconstrictive Properties. Mometasone Provides A Favorable Ratio Of Topical To Systemic Activity Due To Its Primary Local Effect Along With The Extensive Hepatic Metabolism And The Lack Of Active Metabolites. Though  It Is Effective For Treatment Of Asthma, Glucocorticoids Do Not Affect Asthma Symptoms Immediately. Maximum Improvement In Symptoms Following Inhaled Administration Of Mometasone Furoate. Antiinflammatory Actions Of Corticosteroids Are Thought To Involve Phospholipase A2 Inhibitory Proteins, Lipocortins, Which Control The Biosynthesis Of Potent Mediators Of Inflammation Such As Prostaglandins And Leukotrienes. Mometasone Furoate Is Used In The Treatment Of Inflammatory Skin Disorders (Such As Eczema And Psoriasis)(Topical Form) , Allergic Rhinitis (Topical Form) (Such As Hay Fever), Asthma (Inhalation Form)  For Patients Unresponsive To Less Potent Corticosteroids And Penile Phimosis. In Terms Of Steroid Strength, It Is More Potent Than Hydrocortisone And Less Potent Than Dexamethasone.

Details

• Synonyms - 9a, 21-dichloro-11b, 17-dihydroxy-16a -methylpregna-1, 4-diene-3, 20-dione 17-(2-furoate)                                                                                
• Cas Number - 83919-23-7
• Mol.Formula - C27h30cl2o6
• Mol.Weight - 521.44
• Mometasone Furoate Monohydrate Is A White Crystalline Powder, Insoluble In Water, Soluble In Acetone & Chloroform, Freely Soluble In
• Tetrahydrofuran. Its Melting Range Is 218°C To 220°C.
• Standard - Offered Of Pharmaceutical Grade BP/USP/EP
• Packing - Offered In Export Worthy Packing Of 5 Kilos Or As Per Our Customer Requirements.

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Is Used To Treat Many Conditions Such As Headache, Muscle Aches, Arthritis, Backache, Toothaches, Colds And Fevers. Paracetamol Is Widely Used Over The Counter. It Is Commonly Used To Help With Headaches, Other Minor Aches And Pains, And Is A Major Ingredient In Many Cold Medications. In Combination With Opioid Analgesics, Paracetamol Is Used In The Management Of More Severe Pain Such As Post-surgical And Cancer Pain. Though Paracetamol Is Used To Treat Inflammatory Pain, It Is Not Classified As An Nsaid Because It Exhibits Only Weak Anti-inflammatory Activity. Paracetamol Is Not Considered Carcinogenic At Therapeutic Doses. It Is Classified As A Mild Analgesic. It Is Also Used As An Intermediate For Pharmaceuticals(As A Precursor In Penicillin) And Azo Dyes, Stabilizer For Hydrogen Peroxide, Photographic Chemicals.

Details

• Synonyms - N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) Acetamide.
• Cas Number - 103-90-2
• Mol. Formula - Ch3conhc6h4oh
• Mol. Weight - 151.17
• It Is An Odorless, Slightly Bitter Taste White Crystalline Powder With Melting Range 169°c-172°c.it Is Soluble In Organic Solvents Such As Methanol And Ethanol But Slightly Soluble In Water And Ether.
• Standard - Offered Of Pharmaceutical Grade BP/USP/EP
• Packing - Offered In Export Worthy Packing Of 25 Kilos Or As Per Our Customer Requirements.

Clopidogrel is a Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor. It Works By Slowing or Stopping Platelets from Sticking to Blood Vessel Walls or Injured Tissues. Clopidogrel is An Oral, thienopyridine-class antiplatelet Agent used to Inhibit Blood Clots In coronary Artery Disease, peripheral Vascular Disease, cerebrovascular Disease and to Prevent myocardial Infarction (heart Attack) and Stroke in People Who are At High Risk of These Events . the Drug Works By Irreversibly Inhibiting a Receptor Called p2y12, An  Adenosine Diphosphate (adp) Chemoreceptor On Platelet Cell Membranes. Adverse Effects Include bleeding, Severe neutropenia, Andthrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. It is also Used With aspirin to Treat New/worsening chest Pain (new heart Attack, Unstable angina) and to Keep blood vessels Open and Prevent blood Clots after Certain Procedures (such as Cardiac stent). Clopidogrel Works By Blocking Platelets from Sticking Together and Prevents Them from Forming Harmful Clots. It is An Antiplatelet Drug. It Helps Keep Blood Flowing Smoothly in Your Body.

 

Details :

• Synonyms - Methyl (2s)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(6, 7-dihydro-4h-thieno[3, 2-c]pyridin-5-yl)acetate
• Cas Number - 113665-84-2
• Mol. Formula - C16h18ns2cio6
• Mol. Weight - 419.90
• It is White to Off White Crystalline Powder. It is Freely Soluble in Methanol, Practically Insoluble in Ether with Its Melting Point of 184ºC.
• Standard - Offered of Pharmaceutical Grade BP/USP/EP – also Available as Clopidogrel Hydrogen Sulphate.
• Packing - Offered in Export Worthy Packing of 25 Kilos or as per Our Customer Requirements.

Turmeric is A diarylheptanoid. About Two Centuries Ago, Isolation of a “yellow Coloring-matter” from the Rhizomes of Curcuma Longa (turmeric) & Was Named Curcumin.  Turmeric's other Two Curcuminoids are Desmethoxycurcumin and bis-desmethoxy- Curcumin. the Curcuminoids Are natural Phenols that are Responsible for the Yellow Color of Turmeric. Curcumin Can Exist in Several Tautomeric forms, Including a 1, 3-diketo form and Two Equivalent Enol Forms. the Enol Form is More Energetically Stable in the Solid Phase and in Organic Solvents, While in Water the 1, 3-diketo dominates. Curcumin Can Be Used For boron Quantification in the Curcumin Method. It Reacts With boric Acid to Form a Red-color Compound, Rosocyanine. Curcumin is a Bright-yellow Color Powder and May Be Used as A food Coloring. Curcumin is Powerful Anti-inflammatory Effects and is a Very Strong Antioxidant. Combat Cancer Stem Cells and Enhance Heart Health and Inhibit the Formation of Ldl (bad) Cholesterol.

 

Details :

• Synonyms -  (1e, 6e)-1, 7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) Hepta-1, 6-diene-3, 5-dione
• Cas Number -  458-37-7
• Mol. Formula -  C21h20o6
• Mol. Weight: 368.38.
• It is Orange Crystalline Powder with Its Melting Point of 183 °C. It is Slightly Soluble in Hot Water
• Standard -  Offered of Pharmaceutical Grade.
• Packing -  Offered in Export Worthy Packing of 25 Kilos or as per Our Customer Requirements.

Esomeprazole  is A proton Pump Inhibitor  Others Worldwide Which Reduces Stomach Acid secretion Through Inhibition of The h+/k+ atpase in The parietal Cells of the Stomach. By Inhibiting the Functioning of this Transporter, the Drug Prevents Formation of Stomach Acid. It is Used in the Treatment Of dyspepsia, peptic Ulcer Disease, gastroeso- Phageal Reflux Disease, And zollinger-ellison Syndrome. the Primary Uses of Esomeprazole are Treatment and Maintenance Of erosive Esophagitis, Treatment Of duodenal Ulcers caused By h. Pylori, Prevention Of gastric Ulcers in Those On Chronic nsaid therapy, and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Ulcers Associated With crohn's Disease. It Works By Decreasing the Amount of Acid Your Stomach Makes. It Relieves Symptoms such As heartburn, Difficulty Swallowing, and Persistent cough. This medication helps Heal Acid Damage to the Stomach and Esophagus, Helps Prevent Ulcers, and May Help Prevent cancer of the Esophagus. 

Details

• Synonyms - Magnesium; 5-methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl) Methylsulfinyl] Benzimidazol-1-ide
• Cas Number - 217087-09-7
• Mol. Weight - C34h36mgn6o6s2
• Mol. Weight - 7767.4
• It is White to Slightly Coloured Powder Which is Soluble in Methanol, Slightly Soluble in Water, Insoluble in Heptane and Its Melting Range is 137ºC to 142ºC.
• Standard - Offered of Pharmaceutical Grade BP/USP/EP – also Available as Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate, Esomeprazole Magnesium Pellets
• Packing - Offered in Export Worthy Packing of 25 Kilos or as per Our Customer Requirements.

Glipizide is an oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized. Glipizide is a sulfonylurea. The chemical classification of glipizide is sulfonylurea compounds.Glipizide is a short-acting, second-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Glipizide is rapidly absorbed, has a very quick onset of action and a short half-life. This agent is extensively metabolized in the liver and the metabolites as well as the unchanged form are excreted in the urine.

Artesunate is a water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpine lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-shistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities. Upon hydrolysis of artesunate's active endoperoxide bridge moiety by liberated heme in parasite-infected red blood cells, reactive oxygen species and carbon-centered radicals form, which have been shown to damage and kill parasitic organisms. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrate that this agent induces dna breakage in a dose-dependent manner. Artesunate has also been shown to stimulate cell differentiation, arrest the cell cycle in the g1 and g2m phases, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis through mitochondrial and caspase signaling pathways. Artemisinin is isolated from the plant artemisia annua. Artesunate is part of the artemisinin group of drugs that treat malaria. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin that is water-soluble and may therefore be given by injection.

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug analog of diclofenac. It is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. It is a cytokine inhibitor. Aceclofenac works by blocking the action of a substance in the body called cyclo-oxygenase. Cyclo-oxygenase is involved in the production of prostaglandins (chemicals in the body) which cause pain, swelling and inflammation. Aceclofenac is the glycolic acid ester of diclofenac.

Pheniramine maleate is antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to treat allergicconditions such as hay fever or urticaria. Its relatively strong sedative effects, and may sometimes be used off-label as an over-the-counter sleeping pill in a similar manner to other sedating antihistamines such as diphenhydramine. Pheniramine is also commonly found in eyedrops used for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.Pheniramine is generally sold in combination with other medications, rather than as a stand-alone drug, although some formulations are available containing pheniramine by itself. One of this histamine h1 antagonist with little sedative action. Pheniramine maleate is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.

Bimatoprost is a cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an antihypertensive agent in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.Bimatoprost is a prostaglandin analog. The chemical classification of bimatoprost is prostaglandins.

Rizatriptan is a serotonin-1b and serotonin-1d receptor agonist. The mechanism of action of rizatriptan is as a serotonin 1b receptor agonist and serotonin 1d receptor agonist. Rizatriptan is a triptan drug used for the treatment of migraine headaches. It is a selective 5-hydroxy tryptamine1 receptor subtype agonist.

Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. Chlorzoxazone is a muscle relaxant. The physiologic effect of chlorzoxazone is by means of centrally-mediated muscle relaxation.Chlorzoxazone is a benzoxazolone derivative with mild sedative and centrally-acting muscle relaxant activities. Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown chlorzoxazone(cz) appears to act at the spinal cord and subcortical levels of the brain to inhibit multisynaptic reflex arcs involved in producing and maintaining muscle spasms. This agent is extensively hydroxylated by cytochrome p450 2e1 (cyp2e1) to 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (hcz), 11, 12 which is subsequently glucuronidated and eliminated renally. Highly selective for cyp2e1, cz may be used as a selective probe for phenotyping cyp2e1 in humans; the ratio of hcz-to-cz plasma concentrations obtained 2 to 4 hours after oral administration of cz may be used as a phenotypic measure of cyp2e1 enzymatic activity

Roxatidine acetate is a specific and competitive histamine h2 receptor antagonist drug that is used to treat gastric ulcers, zollingerellison syndrome, erosive esophagitis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and gastritis.

Amoxicillin trihydrate is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to ampicillin except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic aminopenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Amoxicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding protein (pbp) 1a located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of pbps interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.

We are Offering Various Types of Antioxidants like Tbhq (tertiary Butyl Hydroquinone), Bha (butylated Hydroxy Anisole), Bht (butylated Hydroxy Toluene) Etc. We Can also Supply other Antioxidants On Specific Demand.

TBHQ a Highly Effective antioxidant in Foods, Used as A preservative for Unsaturated vegetable Oils and Many Edible Animal Fats.  It Can Be Combined with other Preservatives such As bha. Its Primary Advantage is Enhancing Storage Life. Synonyms: 2-tert-butylbenzene-1, 4-diol – Cas Number: 1948-33-0, Mol. Formula: C10h14o2, Mol. Weight: 166.22. It is White Crystalline Powder with Its Melting Range of 126°C -129°C. It is Insoluble in Water.

BHA (butylated Hydroxy Anisole) is An antioxidant consisting of a Mixture of Two isomeric organic Compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. It is a Waxy Solid Used as Food Additive, Antioxidant & Preservative in Food, Food Packaging, Animal Feed, Cosmetics, Rubber, and Petroleum Products. bha also is Commonly Used in Medicines, such As isotretinoin, Lovastatin, And simvastatin, among Others.  Synonyms: 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol;3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol-– Cas Number: 25013-16-5, Mol. Formula: C11h16o2, Mol. Weight: 180.24. It is White to Slightly Yellowpowder with Its Melting Range of 48°c -55°c. It is Insoluble in Water.

BHT (butylated Hydroxytoluene), also Known As dibutylhydroxytoluene, Useful for Its antioxidant properties. It is Used as Food Additive, Household Product Ingredient, Industrial Additive, Personal Care Product/cosmetic Ingredient, Pesticide Ingredient, Plastic/rubber Ingredient and Medical/veterinary/research.

 

Details :

• Synonyms - 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol; 2, 6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol
• Cas Number - 128-37-0
• Mol. Formula: C15h24o
• Mol. Weight - 220.35.
• It is White Crystalline Powder with Its Melting Range of 69°C -73°C. It is Insoluble in Water.
• Standard - Offered of Food Grade FFC
• Packing - Offered in Export Worthy Packing of 25 Kilos or as per Our Customer Requirements.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. The physiologic effect of hydrochlorothiazide is by means of increased diuresis. The chemical classification of hydrochlorothiazide is thiazides. Hydrochlorothiazide is a short acting thiazide diuretic. Hydrochlorothiazide (hctz) is widely used to treat hypertension and edema. This agent's metabolite appears to preferentially bind to and accumulate in red blood cells. This agent is primarily excreted by the kidneys.

Amlodipine Besylate is a Long-acting Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker. It is Effective in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris and Hypertension. Amlodipine is Used with or Without Other medications to Treat high Blood Pressure. Lowering high Blood Pressure helps Prevent Strokes, heart Attacks, And kidneyproblems. Amlodipine Belongs to a Class of Drugs Known As calcium channel Blockers. It Works By Relaxing blood vessels So blood can Flow More Easily. Amlodipine is also Used to Prevent Certain Types Of chest Pain (angina). It May Help to Increase Your Ability To exercise and Decrease the Frequency of Angina Attacks. It Should Not Be Used to Treat Attacks of Chest Pain When They Occur.

 

Details :

• Synonyms - Benzenesulfonic Acid;3-o-ethyl 5-o-methyl 2-(2-aminoethoxymethyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1, 4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylate.
• Mol. Formula - C26h31cln2o8
• Mol. Weight - 567.05094 G/mol
• It is a White Crystalline Powder with Its Melting Point of 134°C. It is Slightly Soluble in Water and Sparingly Soluble in Ethanol.
• Standard - Offered of Pharmaceutical Grade BP/USP/EP – S Amlodipine Form & Phathaloyl Amlodipine (as a Intermediate) also Available
• Packing - Offered in Export Worthy Packing of 25 Kilos or as per Our Customer Requirements.

Pemetrexed Disodium Is Approved To Be Used Alone Or With Other Drugs To Treat Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma In Patients Who Cannot Be Treated Withsurgery. Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (Certain Types) In Patients Whose Disease Is Locally Advanced Or Has Metastasized (Spread To Other Parts Of The Body).pemetrexed Disodium Is Also Being Studied In The Treatment Of Other Types Ofcancer. Its Indications Are The Treatment Of  Non-small Cell Lung Cancer And Pleural  Mesothelioma. Pemetrexed Is In A Class Of Medications Called Antifolate, Antineoplastic Agents And Antimetabolite For Ts, Dhfr And Garft With Ki Of 1.3 Nm, 7.2 Nm And 65 Nm, Respectively. It Works By Blocking The Action Of A Certain Substance In The Body That May Help Cancer Cells Multiply.

Details

• Synonyms - (2r)-2-[[4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-1, 7-dihydropyrrolo[2, 3-d] Pyrimidin-5-yl) Ethyl] Benzoyl] Amino] Pentanedioic Acid
• Cas Number - 150399-23-8
• Mol. Formula - C20h21n5o6
• Mol. Weight - 427.41
• It Is In Crystalline Solid Form With Melting Range Of 254°C to 258°C. It Is Soluble In Methanol And Water.
• Standard - Offered Of Pharmaceutical Grade BP/USP/EP
• Packing - Offered In Export Worthy Packing Or As Per Our Customer Requirements.

Chlorpheniramine maleate is a histamine h1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than promethazine.Chlorpheniramine maleate is a synthetic alkylamine derivative used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma, antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate acts as a competitive histamine h1 receptor antagonist, and displays anticholinergic and mild sedative effects as well.

Repaglinide is a glinide. The mechanism of action of repaglinide is as a potassium channel antagonist. Repaglinide is a nonsulfonylurea insulin secretagogue belonging to the melgitinide class with hypo glycemic activity. Repaglinide is rapidly absorbed and has a rapid onset and short duration of action. This agent is metabolized in the liver by cyp2c8 and cyp3a4 and its metabolites are excreted in the bile. Repaglinide has a half-life of one hour.

Zinc sulfate monohydrate can be used in electrolytes for zinc plating. It can be used as a mordant in dyeing. It can also be used in medicine as an astringent and emetic. Zinc sulfate monohydrate can be used to supply zinc in animal feeds, fertilizers, and agricultural sprays.

Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. Cefixime, an antibiotic, is a third-generation cephalosporin like ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Cefixime is highly stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalosporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to cefixime.the antibacterial effect of cefixime results from inhibition of mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall.

Clarithromycin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria by reversibly binding to the 50s ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl trans- fer-rna and prevents peptide chain elongation. Clarithromycin is a macrolide antimicrobial.the mechanism of action of clarithromycin is as a cytochrome p450 3a4 inhibitor, cytochrome p450 3a inhibitor, and p-gly coprotein inhibitor. The chemical classification of clarithromycin is macrolides.Clarithromycin is a semisynthetic 14-membered ring macrolide antibiotic. Clarithromycin binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibits rna-dependent protein synthesis in susceptible organisms. Clarith romy- cin has been shown to eradicate gastric malt (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphomas, presumably due to the eradication of tumorigenic helicobacter pylori infection. This agent also acts as a biological response modulator, possibly inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth through alterations in growth factor expression

Diacerein (inn), also known as diacetylrhein, is a slow-acting medicine of the class anthraquinone used to treat joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (swelling and pain in the joints). It works by inhibiting interleukin-1 beta. A 2005 cochrane review found diacerein to be slightly, but significantly, more effective than placebo in improving pain and slowing the progress of osteoarthritis in the hip and knee.

Erythromycin is a macrolide and macrolide antimicrobial. The physiologic effect of erythromycin is by means of decreased sebaceous gland activity. The chemical classification oferythromycin is macrolides. A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin a is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. Erythromycin is a broad-spectrum, macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Erythromycin diffuses through the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds to the 50s subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This prevents bacterial protein synthesis. Erythromycin may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism involved.

Furosemide is a benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for edema and chronic renal in- sufficiency. Furosemide is a loop diuretic. The physiologic effect of furosemide is by means of increased diuresis at loop of henle.Furosemide is a sulfamoylanthranilic acid derivative, also known as frusemide, and potent loop diuretic. Furosemide is widely used to treat hypertension and edema. This agent is highly bound to albumin and is largely excreted unchanged in the urine.

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties used in the therapy of rheumatism and arthritis. Ibuprofen is a propionic acid derivate and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (nsaid) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. Ibuprofen inhibits the activity of cyclo-oxygenase I and ii, resulting in a decreased formation of precursors of prost- aglandins and throm- boxanes. This leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis, by prost- aglandin synthase, the main physiologic effect of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen also causes a decrease in the formation of thromboxane a2 synthesis, by thromboxane synthase, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation.

Ketotifen fumarate is a cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine h1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.Ketotifen fumarate is the fumarate salt of ketotifen, a cycloheptathio- phene derivative with anti-allergic activity. Ketotifen selectively blocks histamine (h1) receptors and prevents the typical symptoms caused by histamine release. This agent also interferes with the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells involved in hypersensitivity reactions, thereby decreasing chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils.

Levocetirizine dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt form of the active levorotatory enantiomer of cetirizine, levocetirizine; a third generation, non-sedating, selective histamineh1 receptor antagonist, with antihistamine, anti-inflammatory and potential anti-angiogenic activities. Levocetirizine competes with endogenous histamine for binding at peripheral h1-receptor sites on the effector cell surface. This prevents the negative symptoms associated with histamine release & an allergic reaction. In addition, as histamine plays an important role in angiogenesis during an allergic inflammatory reaction, blocking the action of histamine may modulate the expression of proangiogenic factors and thus may prevent angiogenesis. As a third-generation histamine h1 receptor antagonist, levocetirizine has fewer side effects than most second-generation antihistamines.

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of procaine but its duration of action is shorter than that of bupivacaine or prilocaine. Lidocaine is an amide local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic. The physiologic effect of lidocaine is by means of local anesthesia. The chemical classification of lidocaine is amides.Lidocaine is a synthetic aminoethylamide with local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by binding to and inhibiting voltage-gatedsodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses and effecting local anesthesia.

Hydroxyzine dihydrochloride is a histamine h1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite cetirizine, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of hydroxyzine, a piperazine histamine h1-receptor antagonist with anti-allergic, antispasmodic, sedative, anti-emetic and anti-anxiety properties. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride blocks the h1 histamine receptor and prevents the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity on capillaries, bronchial smooth muscle, and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, including vasodilatation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. In addition, hydroxyzine hydrochloride crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts on the histamine h1-receptors in the central nervous system.

The physiologic effect of levetiracetam is by means of decreased central nervous system disorganized electrical activity.Levetiracetam is a pyrrolidine with antiepileptic activity. The exact mechanism through which levetiracetam exerts its effects is unknown but does not involve inhibitory & excitatory neurotransmitter activity. Stereoselective binding of levetiracetam was confined to synaptic plasma membranes in the central nervous system with no binding occurring in peripheral tissue. Levetiracetam inhibits burst firing without affecting normal neuronal excitability, which suggests that it may selectively prevent hyper-synchronization of epileptiform burst firing and propagation of seizure activity.

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone and acetamide derived anti-bacterial agent and protein synthesis inhibitor that is used in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections of the skin and respiratory tract. Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibacterial. The chemical classification of linezolid is oxazolidinones.Linezolid is a synthetic oxazolidinone derivative; linezolid selectively inhibits an early step in bacterial protein synthesis and affects blood pressure through monoamine oxidase inhibition. It is effective against gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains, coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae strains.

Drotaverine hydrochloride is an antispasmodic, and an analogue of papaverine. Is an antispasmodic drug, used to enhance cervical dilation during childbirth.Drotaverine hydrochloride is structurally related to papaverine, is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, and has no anticholinergic effects.

Mebendazole is a benzimidazole that acts by interfering with carbohydrate metabolism and inhibiting polymerization of microtubules. Mebendazole is an antihelminthic.Mebendazole is a synthetic benzimidazole derivate and anthelmintic agent. Mebendazole interferes with the reproduction and survival of helminths by inhibiting the formation of their cytoplasmic microtubules, thereby selectively and irreversibly blocking glucose uptake. This results in a depletion of glycogen stores and leads to reduced formation of atp required for survival and reproduction of the helminth. This eventually causes the helminths death.

Mecobalamin (mecobalamin, mecbl, or meb12) is a cobalamin, a form of vitamin b12. It differs from cyanocobalamin in that the cyanide is replaced by a methyl group. Methylcobalamin features octahedral cobalt (iii) centre. Methylcobalamin can be obtained as bright red crystals. From the perspective of coordination chemistry, methyl cobalamin is notable as a rare example of a compound that contains metal-alkyl bonds. Nickel-methyl intermediates have been proposed for the final step of methanogenesis. Mecobalamin is equivalent physiologically to vitamin b12, and can be used to prevent or treat pathology arising from a lack of vitamin b12 (vitamin b12 deficiency) such as pernicious anemia. Methylcobalamin is also used in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy & as a preliminary treatment foramyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Methoxsalen is a naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including psoralea corylifolia. It is a photo- active substance that forms dna adducts in the presence of ultraviolet an irradiation. Methoxsalen is a photoactivated radical generator & psoralen. The mechanism of action of methoxsalen is photoabsorption. The physiologic effect of methoxsalen is by means of photosensitizing activity. The chemical classification of methoxsalen is psoralens.Methoxsalen is a naturally occurring substance isolated from the seeds of plant ammi majus with photoactivating properties. As member of the family of compounds known as psoralens or furocoumarins, methox salen's exact mechanism of action is unknown; upon photo-activation, methoxsalen has been observed to bind covalently to & crosslink dna.

Mupirocin is a topically used antibiotic from a strain of pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing. Mupirocin is a rna synthetase inhibitor antibacterial. The mechanism of action of mupirocin is as a rna synthetase inhibitor.Mupirocin is a natural crotonic acid derivative extracted from pseudomonas fluorescens. Mupirocin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by specific reversible binding to bacterial isoleucyl trna synthase.

Ornidazole is a nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action. Ornidazole is an anti-infective; used to treat selected protozoan infections. It has been investigated for use in crohn's disease after bowel resection.

Pamidronate disodium is the disodium salt of the synthetic bisphospho- nate pamidronate. Although its mechanism of action is not completely understood, pamidronate appears to adsorb to calcium phosphate crystals in bone, blocking their dissolution by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. This agent does not inhibit bone mineralization and formation.Pamidronate disodium salt is a bisphosphonate compound, which inhibits farnesyl diphosphate synthase & bone resorption. Studies suggest that pamidronate disodium salt stimulates polymorphonuclear leukocyte and platelet derived nitric oxide production. It is believed that this nitric oxide production can lead to a negative feedback mechanism, which could restrict the inflammatory process and reduce bone resorption. Furthermore, bisphosphonates induce endothelial cell death, cancer cell apoptosis, and nuclear factor-b pathway activation, via the endothelial protein c receptor.

Pindolol is a moderately lipophilic beta blocker (adrenergic beta-antagonists). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (adrenergic beta-antagonists). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. Pindolol is a sr-1asr-1b antagonist with similar affinity for each subtype. Pindolol acts as a partial agonist at mouse and human 3-ar (3-adrenoceptors). Pindolol is an inhibitor of 1-ar.

Pyridostigmine bromide is a cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than neostigmine. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.Pyridostigmine bromide is the bromide salt form of pyridostigmine, a quaternary ammonium carbamate derivative & an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Pyridostigmine bromide binds reversibly to acetylcholine- sterase active sites in the peripheral nervous system, thereby preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine. This leads to an accumu- lation of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses and facilitates transmission of impulses across the neuromuscular junction. Mediated through muscarinic receptors, this agent increases contraction of bronchial and intestinal smooth muscle and the exocrine glands secretions, while it causes paralysis of the skeletal muscles mediated through nicotinic receptors. In addition, pyridostigmine is used as a reversible blocking agent to prevent organophosphates from binding to the acetylcholinesterase receptors and thereby protect the nervous system from the effects of nerve agents such as soman.

Quinine is an alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.

Simethicone is a poly (dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base. Simethicone is an orally administered anti-foaming agent used to reduce bloating, discomfort or pain caused by excessive gas mainly swallowed air, with small amounts of hydrogen and methane in the stomach or intestines.

Ritonavir is an hiv protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of hiv. It also inhibits cytochrome p-450 cyp3a. It is a cytochrome p450 3a inhibitor and protease inhibitor. The mechanism of action of ritonavir is as a hiv protease inhibitor, cytochrome p450 3a inhibitor, cytochrome p450 2d6 inhibitor, cytochrome p450 2c19 inducer, cytochrome p450 3a inducer, p-glycoprotein inhibitor, breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor, and cytochrome p450 3a4 inhibitor.Ritonavir is a peptidomimetic agent that inhibits both hiv-1 and hiv-2 proteases. Ritonavir is highly inhibited by serum proteins but boosts the effect of other hiv proteases by blocking their degradation by cytochrome p450.

Rivastigmine is a carbamate-derived reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that is selective for the central nervous system and is used for the treatment of dementia in alzheimer disease and parkinson disease.Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor. The mechanism of action of rivastigmine is as a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Stavudine is a dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcrip- tase & has in vitro activity against hiv. Stavudine is a human immuno- deficiency virus nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The mechanism of action of stavudine is as a nucleoside reverses transcrip- tase inhibitor. The chemical classification of stavudine is nucleoside analog.Stavudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of thymidine. Stavudine has been recommended to undergo phase-out management due to its long-term, irreversible side-effects.

Tenofovir is an adenine analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor with antiviral activity against hiv-1 and hepatitis b. It is used to treat hiv infections and chronic hepatitis b, in combination with other antiviral agents, due to the emergence of antiviral drug resistance when it is used alone. Tenofovir anhydrous is a human immunodeficiency virus nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor and hepatitis b virus nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The mechanism of action of tenofovir anhydrous is as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The chemical classification of tenofovir anhydrous is nucleoside analog.