The unit is designed to study various governors, normally used to control the speed. The unit consists of a main spindle driven by a variable speed motor mounted on a base plate. The spindle is driven by belt & pulley system. The optional governor out of four governor assemblies can be mounted on spindle. Speed control unit provided can control the spindle speed. A graduated scale is provided to measure the displacement of sleeve. The center sleeve of portal and proell governors incorporates a weight sleeve to which weights may be added. The Hartnell governor provides means of varying spring compression level. This unable the Hartnell Governor to be operated as a stable or unstable governor. The governor speed is increased in steps to give suitable sleeve movements possible. The speeds and displacements are recorded. The results may be plotted as curves of speed against displacements. Further tests are carried out by changing variables.

The apparatus consists of a base upon which bearing holders and drive motor can be mounted. Different bearings can be fitted in bearing block to have different end conditions, such as, both end fixed, one end fixed, one end etc. free. A variable speed motor along with speed controller is provided to drive the shaft. The unit is useful to demonstrate the phenomenon of Whirling of Shaft with single rotor. As this test is destructive, after the test shaft can not be used again, hence this unit only demonstrates the principle.

The apparatus consists of a nichrome wire immersed in water. The Nichrome wire is heated by passing current through it. Input to the nichrome wire is controlled by dimmer stat. As one goes on increasing wire input current, at critical heat flux, the wire brakes which is measured on meter. We can visulise natural convection and pool boiling. A separate bulk heater is provided to conduct experiment at various temperatures.Glass trough placed on a tripod housing water, test & bulk heater.

The apparatus consists of a small test sphere. This sphere is heated by a hot bath, till the steady state is reached and then it is coolled in air or water oil. During both, heating and cooling of sphere, temperature of sphere is a function of time and hence, it is a unsteady state of heat transfer process. The temperature of sphere is measured by thermocouple. The hot bath is provided to heat sphere with temperature controller to facilitate to conduct experiment at different temperatures.

The apparatus consists of a perspex cylinder with drain at center of bottom. The cylinder is fixed over a rotating platform which can be rotated with the help of a D. C. motor at different speeds. A tangential water supply rip is provided with flow control valve. The whole unit is mounted over the sump tank. Water is supplied by a centrifugal pump.

The apparatus enables the students to experimentally balance a rotating mass system and to verify the analytical relations. The apparatus consists of a steel shaft fixed in a rectangular frame. A set of four blocks with a clamping arrangement is provided. For Static balancing, each block is individually clamped on shaft and relative weight is found out using cord and container system in terms of number of steel balls.

For dynamic balancing, a moment polygon is drawn using relative weights and angular and axial positions of blocks are determined. The blocks are clamped on shaft is rotated by a motor to check dynamic balance of the system.

The system is provided with angular and longitudinal scales and is suspended with chains for dynamic balancing.

Specifications -

• Drive Motor - FHP, Universal Motor.
• Balancing Weights - 4 No.s with different mass for varying unbalance.
• Cord & Container with steel balls for relative weight measurement.

Range of Experiment -1. Static balancing of system using steel balls.2. Dynamic balancing of a simple rotating mass system.3. Observation of effect of unbalance in a rotating mass system.

The apparatus is designed to study the cam profile and performance of Cam and Follower system. It consists of a shaft supported in ball bearing and driven by speed D.C.Motor. Various types of Cams can be mounted on this shaft. A push rod assembly is supported vertically and various types of followers can be attached to this pushrod. A dial gauge is provided to plot the follower displacement with respect to rotation of cam. Provision is also made to vary the weight or spring compression on follower assembly so that effect of follower weight or spring force on ump can be studied, with the help of stroboscope (Not included in scope of supply)

Specifications -

• Cams - Eccentric, Tangent and circular type.
• Follower - Mashroom, Roller and Knife edge
• Weight set
• Compression Spring
• Motor - Variable speed D.C.Motor, 1/4 HP
• Speed Control Unit.
• Dial Gauge Cams & Followers are suitably hardened to reduce wear.

Range of Experiment -1. Plotting and analysis of the X - q curve.2.Follower bounce can be observed using stroboscope.3. To study the effect of follower weight on bounce.4.To study effect of spring compression on bounce.

Service Required -

• Floor space - 0.75m X 1 m at working height.
• 230 V.A.C. stabilized power supply.
• Tachometer
• Stroboscope to observe jump.

The apparatus consists of a plain shaft encased in a bearing and directly driven by a small motor. The bearing is freely supported on the shaft and sealed at motor end. The motor speed is precisely controlled by control unit. The bearing contains twelve equispaced pressure tapings around circumference and four along the axis. All tapings are connected by light flexible plastic tubes to the manometer so that the pressure head of all sixteen points can be observed at a time. The bearing can be loaded by attaching weights to the arm supported beneath it.

Specifications -

• Journal 50 mm dia. (Nominal)
• Bearing 55 mm dia.
• Weights 4 Adustable weights.
• Motor D.C.Motor
• Control Panel for speed control
• Manometer Board ( Sixteen Tube)
• Oil recommended - SAE 30/40

The apparatus consists of a variable speed D.C.Motor, Driving pulley and Driven pulley of equal diameter. The pullies are mounted on input shaft (Motor shaft) and output shaft. The driven pulley can slide on the base with bearing block to change initial tension in belt. Brake drum is mounted on output shaft helps to measure power output. The motor speed is varied by dimmerstat. A two channel RPM Indicator is provided to measure speeds of driven and driving pullies respectively.

Specifications -

• D.C.Motor - 1 HP, 1500 RPM, variable speed.
• Driving & Driven pullies of equal diameters.
• Brake drum along with spring balance.
• Flat Belt of fixed length of following materials -a) Fabric Belt.b) Canvas Belt.c) Rubber Belt.
• Belt tightening arrangement.
• Speed Controller unit.
• Two Channel digital RPM Indicator.

Experimentation -1. To measure power transmitted with varied belt tensions and plotting graph of (T1 - T2) Vs. (T1+T2)/2 ie Tension Characteristics.2. To measure percentage slip at fixed belt tension by varying load on brake drum and plot graph of (T1-T2) Vs. percentage slip ie. Slip Characteristics.3. To measure belt slip speed and observe the limiting value of load at constant speed when the slip just starts.

Service Required-

• 230 V.A.C. stabilised power supply.

The unit is designed to provide visual demonstration and measurement of longitudinal and transverse pressure distribution over Michell Thrust Bearing. Students can vary speed, gap and viscosity of oil. It gives visual demonstration of cavitaion. The unit consists of a belt moving on two identical pulleys driven by variable speed d.c.motor. The belt passes through a oil tank and carries oil film along with. This oil passes through tilting pads and develops pressure, which is measured by manometer through pressure tapings on tilting pad. Different types of pads can be used.

Specifications -Drive Motor - 0.5 HP, 1, 500 RPM, variable speed D.C.Motor with speed controller. Tilting Pad -a) Convergent Type - Rectangleb) Convergent Divergent Type - Rectangular.

Multitube ManometerManometer for cavitation demonstrationOil Tank - 0.5 X 0.2 X 0.2 m approx.Loading arrangement on pads.

The unit consists of a rectangular transparent flow section through which water is to be flown the velocity of water is changes as cross sectional area of channel changes. The changes of head can be measured with manometric tube connected at various sockets, along with the length of channel. Thus the Bernoullis theorem can be verified by calculating the energy & head of water at different section.

FEATURES

• Steady flow arrangement.
• Transparent flow section.
• Indendent measurement of Pressure Head
• Variable flow rate arrangement.
• Self sufficient unit.

SPECIFICATION

• Supply Tank 200 x 200 x 600 mm 2 No
.
• Flow channel 750mm long, transparent acrylic.
• Manometric tubes fixed over the flow channel 9 No. at distance of 7 Cm.
• Supply with flow control valve.
• Measuring tank. 300x400x300mm with FRP Lining
• Sump tank.- 900x400x400mm with FRP Lining.
• 0.5 H.P. pump Kirloskar make
• Supply tank is fitted on heavy pipe frame.
• Stop watch.

RANGE OF EXPERIMENT

• Bernoullis theorem can be verified.

The apparatus consists of a perspex cylinder with drain at center of bottom. The cylinder is fixed over a rotating platform which can be rotated with the help of a D. C. motor at different speeds. A tangential water supply rip is provided with flow control valve. The whole unit is mounted over the sump tank. Water is supplied by a centrifugal pump.

SPECIFICATIONS

• Cylindrical vessel 300mm dia with central bottom outlet, mounted over rotating platform. D. C. motor with controller to rotate the vessel.
• Sump Tank of 900 x 400 x 400 mm with FRP lining
• Measuring tank - 400 x 300 x 400 mm mounted over the sump tank.
• Centrifugal pump - 0.5 HP Kirloskar make to circulate the water.
• x-y co-ordinate measurement probe.

The unit consists of supply tank along with orifice and mouth piece fixed to the tank. A pointer is provided at the discharge of orifice to demonstrate & to determine X, Y co -ordinate of jet.

FEATURES

• An arrangement to obtain a steady or quiescent flow.
• An arrangement to vary the head by changing the position of over flow pipe.
• Piezometer tube to measure head.
• An arrangement to measure co-ordinate of jet.

SPECIFICATION

• Main supply tank with orifice & mouthpiece fitting arrangement Size 400 x 400 x 600 mm with FRP lining
• Sump Tank 900 x 400 x 400 mm with FRP Lining
• Measuring tank size 300 x 400 x 300 mm
• Orifice 2 No. Diameter of Orifice-8 & 10 mm, Mouth Piece - Diameter of mouthpiece 8 mm Length 25 mm Diameter of mouthpiece 10 mm Length 50 mm
• Tracer pointer with scale.
• Stop watch.

The unit consist of two pipes of different diameter. A collect tank is provided to measure the actual discharge.

FEATURES

• Testing of two pipes of different diameters.
• Measurement of head loss in the pipes at various flow rates.
• Calculation of pipe friction at various flow rates.

SPECIFICATIONS

• Sump Tank 900 x 400 x 400 mm with FRP lining
• Measuring Tank 300 x 400 x 300 mm with FRP lining
• Three pipes of 28 mm, 21 mm.& 17mm. diameter G.I. Pipe. Length of pipe 1 m.
• Flow control valve.
• Differential manometer 400 mm
• Stop watch.

The unit consists of a Acrylic tube connected to a tank. At entrance of tube a bell mouth section is provided and at the other end a valve is provide to control the rate of flow. A capillary tube is introduced centrally to the bell mouth to inject die. By varying the rate of flow the Reynolds number changes. This also changes type of flow. Visual observation of die (thread) will indicate the type of flow which can be confirmed from the REYNOLDS number computed.

FEATURES

• Steady flow arrangement
• Very clear flow visualization
• Fine control of die thread.
• Accurate flow measurement & control.

SPECIFICATIONS

• Acrylic tube (transparent) 25 mm OD / 20 mm ID of 1 meter length.
• Main Tank - 400X400X700 mm
• Constant Supply tank of 200x200x 200
• Flow control valve.
• Dye tank and syringe
• Measuring Flask & stop watch for flow measurement.

RANGE OF EXPERIMENT

• To determine the Reynolds number & hence the type of flow either laminar or turbulent.
• To determine upper & lower Reynolds number & velocities.

The apparatus consists of a transparent glass cylinder at the top of which two condensers are fitted. Steam is admitted in cylinder from bottom. One of the condenser is with chrome plated surface for drop wise condensation and other is with natural finish to promote film wise condensation. Water is circulated through the condensers from common inlet. The transparent glass cylinder allows visulisation of condensation process. A rotometer is provided to measure the water flow rate through condenser. A small steam generator is provided to produce necessary steam. A digital temperature indicator is used to measure temperatures at various locations. Students can determine heat transfer coefficients in drop and film wise condensation process.

Specifications

• Steam Generator with 1.5 Kw heater
• Condenser - 2 No.s - 150 mm long, 20mm dia.
• Material copper, one with chrome plating.
• Rotometer - 10 - 100 lph for cooling water.
• Pressure Gauge - 1 No., 0 - 2.1 Kg/Cm2
• Multychannel Digital Temperature Indicator.
• Flow Control Valves for water, steam & drain.

All substance emit thermal radiation at all temperatures and also absorbs all or part of radiation coming from surrounding. The set up is designed to measure emmissivity of given material. It consists of set of two identical circular aluminum plates with mica heater sandwiched in between. Test Plate and Black Plate , both plates are housed in a enclosure to ensure steady atmospheric conditions. A Perspex window is provided to visulise the arrangement. Input to heater can be varied by dimmer stat and measure by help of Digital Voltmeter an Ammeter. Thermocouples are provided to measure the temperatures of these plates. By knowing the heat input and temperatures, one can calculate Emmissivity of non black surface and study the variation of emmissivity of test plate with respect to absolute temperature.

Specifications

• Test Plate & Reference plate - 160 mm dia.
• Enclosure to house both plates.
• Heater - Nichrome wire heater - 2 No.s

Instrumentation & Control

• Digital Voltmeter - 0 - 199.9 Volts.
• Digital Ammeter - 0 - 1.999 Amp.
• Multy channel Digital Temperature Indicator.
• Heater Control - 2 No.

The apparatus consists of a small test sphere. This sphere is heated by a hot bath, till the steady state is reached and then it is coolled in air or water / oil. During both, heating and cooling of sphere, temperature of sphere is a function of time and hence, it is a unsteady state of heat transfer process. The temperature of sphere is measured by thermocouple. The hot bath is provided to heat sphere with temperature controller to facilitate to conduct experiment at different temperatures.

Specifications

• Test piece with thermocouples - 2 No.s of different materials.
• Hot bath with heater and controller.
• Cold bath.
• Digital Temperature Indicator.

Service Required

• Floor Space - 1.5 m X 1.5 m
• 15 Amp., 230 V.A.C. power supply.

The apparatus consists of a copper sphere in which a mica heater is fitted. This small sphere is surrounded by another copper sphere and the insulating powder to be tested is filled in between these two spheres. The heat produced by heater is radially flows outwards in all directions through insulating powder. A digital temperature indicator is used to measure temperatures of Inner & Outer sphere. An ammeter & voltmeter is provided to measure heater input. By knowing heat input and temperatures, thermal conductivity of powder can be calculated. The unit is provided with asbestos powder, however any other powder can be tested with this unit.

Specifications

• Inner sphere - copper - 100 mm. dia.
• Outer sphere - copper - 200 mm dia.
• Heater Mica heater placed in inner sphere.
• Thermocouples on outer surface of inner sphere and inner surface of outer sphere.

Instrumentation & Controls

• Digital Voltmeter - 0 - 199.9 Volts.
• Digital Ammeter - 0 - 1.999 Amp.
• Multy channel Digital Temperature Indicator.
• Heater Control

Service Required

• 230 V.A.C. stabilised supply with earthing
• Floor space - 1.5m X 1.5 m at working height.

The apparatus is designed to determine the Stefan Boltzman constant. The apparatus consists of a hemisphere fixed on a backlite plate, the outer surface is surrounded by a hot water jacket.Hot water to heat the tank is obtained from a hot water tank with heater fixed above hemisphere. Hot water jacket heats the hemisphere and this heat is transferred to a small copper test disc by radiation. This small test disc can be introduced at the center of hemisphere. A thermocouple is provided at the canter of disc to measure the temperature of disc. With the help of Timer/Stop Clock change in temperature with respect to time can be recorded. The average temperature of hemisphere can be measured by four thermocouples placed on hemisphere.

Features

Easy understanding of phenomenon of heat transfer by radiation.
• Determination of Stefan Boltzman constant.
• Built in timer for temperature measurement at constant intervals.

Specifications

• Hemisphere made of copper, 200 mm dia, approx.
• Hot water jacket
• Test Disc - 20 mm dia., 1.5 mm thick, copper
• Hot water tank with heater.

Instrumentation & Controls

• Multy channel Digital Temperature Indicator.

Experimentation

• Determination of Stefan Boltzman Constant.
• Study of effect of hemisphere temperature on the constant

The unit is designed to study various governors, normally used to control the speed. The unit consists of a main spindle driven by a variable speed motor mounted on a base plate. The spindle is driven by belt & pulley system. The optional governor out of four governor assemblies can be mounted on spindle. Speed control unit provided can control the spindle speed. A graduated scale is provided to measure the displacement of sleeve. The center sleeve of portal and proell governors incorporates a weight sleeve to which weights may be added. The Hartnell governor provides means of varying spring compression level. This unable the Hartnell Governor to be operated as a stable or unstable governor. The governor speed is increased in steps to give suitable sleeve movements possible. The speeds and displacements are recorded. The results may be plotted as curves of speed against displacements. Further tests are carried out by changing variables.

The apparatus consists of a base upon which bearing holders and drive motor can be mounted. Different bearings can be fitted in bearing block to have different end conditions, such as, both end fixed, one end fixed, one end etc. free. A variable speed motor along with speed controller is provided to drive the shaft. The unit is useful to demonstrate the phenomenon of Whirling of Shaft with single rotor. As this test is destructive, after the test shaft can not be used again, hence this unit only demonstrates the principle.

The apparatus consists of a nichrome wire immersed in water. The Nichrome wire is heated by passing current through it. Input to the nichrome wire is controlled by dimmer stat. As one goes on increasing wire input current, at critical heat flux, the wire brakes which is measured on meter. We can visulise natural convection and pool boiling. A separate bulk heater is provided to conduct experiment at various temperatures.Glass trough placed on a tripod housing water, test & bulk heater.

The apparatus consists of a small test sphere. This sphere is heated by a hot bath, till the steady state is reached and then it is coolled in air or water oil. During both, heating and cooling of sphere, temperature of sphere is a function of time and hence, it is a unsteady state of heat transfer process. The temperature of sphere is measured by thermocouple. The hot bath is provided to heat sphere with temperature controller to facilitate to conduct experiment at different temperatures.

The apparatus consists of a perspex cylinder with drain at center of bottom. The cylinder is fixed over a rotating platform which can be rotated with the help of a D. C. motor at different speeds. A tangential water supply rip is provided with flow control valve. The whole unit is mounted over the sump tank. Water is supplied by a centrifugal pump.

The apparatus enables the students to experimentally balance a rotating mass system and to verify the analytical relations. The apparatus consists of a steel shaft fixed in a rectangular frame. A set of four blocks with a clamping arrangement is provided. For Static balancing, each block is individually clamped on shaft and relative weight is found out using cord and container system in terms of number of steel balls.

For dynamic balancing, a moment polygon is drawn using relative weights and angular and axial positions of blocks are determined. The blocks are clamped on shaft is rotated by a motor to check dynamic balance of the system.

The system is provided with angular and longitudinal scales and is suspended with chains for dynamic balancing.

Specifications -

• Drive Motor - FHP, Universal Motor.
• Balancing Weights - 4 No.s with different mass for varying unbalance.
• Cord & Container with steel balls for relative weight measurement.

Range of Experiment -1. Static balancing of system using steel balls.2. Dynamic balancing of a simple rotating mass system.3. Observation of effect of unbalance in a rotating mass system.

The apparatus is designed to study the cam profile and performance of Cam and Follower system. It consists of a shaft supported in ball bearing and driven by speed D.C.Motor. Various types of Cams can be mounted on this shaft. A push rod assembly is supported vertically and various types of followers can be attached to this pushrod. A dial gauge is provided to plot the follower displacement with respect to rotation of cam. Provision is also made to vary the weight or spring compression on follower assembly so that effect of follower weight or spring force on ump can be studied, with the help of stroboscope (Not included in scope of supply)

Specifications -

• Cams - Eccentric, Tangent and circular type.
• Follower - Mashroom, Roller and Knife edge
• Weight set
• Compression Spring
• Motor - Variable speed D.C.Motor, 1/4 HP
• Speed Control Unit.
• Dial Gauge Cams & Followers are suitably hardened to reduce wear.

Range of Experiment -1. Plotting and analysis of the X - q curve.2.Follower bounce can be observed using stroboscope.3. To study the effect of follower weight on bounce.4.To study effect of spring compression on bounce.

Service Required -

• Floor space - 0.75m X 1 m at working height.
• 230 V.A.C. stabilized power supply.
• Tachometer
• Stroboscope to observe jump.

The apparatus consists of a plain shaft encased in a bearing and directly driven by a small motor. The bearing is freely supported on the shaft and sealed at motor end. The motor speed is precisely controlled by control unit. The bearing contains twelve equispaced pressure tapings around circumference and four along the axis. All tapings are connected by light flexible plastic tubes to the manometer so that the pressure head of all sixteen points can be observed at a time. The bearing can be loaded by attaching weights to the arm supported beneath it.

Specifications -

• Journal 50 mm dia. (Nominal)
• Bearing 55 mm dia.
• Weights 4 Adustable weights.
• Motor D.C.Motor
• Control Panel for speed control
• Manometer Board ( Sixteen Tube)
• Oil recommended - SAE 30/40

The apparatus consists of a variable speed D.C.Motor, Driving pulley and Driven pulley of equal diameter. The pullies are mounted on input shaft (Motor shaft) and output shaft. The driven pulley can slide on the base with bearing block to change initial tension in belt. Brake drum is mounted on output shaft helps to measure power output. The motor speed is varied by dimmerstat. A two channel RPM Indicator is provided to measure speeds of driven and driving pullies respectively.

Specifications -

• D.C.Motor - 1 HP, 1500 RPM, variable speed.
• Driving & Driven pullies of equal diameters.
• Brake drum along with spring balance.
• Flat Belt of fixed length of following materials -a) Fabric Belt.b) Canvas Belt.c) Rubber Belt.
• Belt tightening arrangement.
• Speed Controller unit.
• Two Channel digital RPM Indicator.

Experimentation -1. To measure power transmitted with varied belt tensions and plotting graph of (T1 - T2) Vs. (T1+T2)/2 ie Tension Characteristics.2. To measure percentage slip at fixed belt tension by varying load on brake drum and plot graph of (T1-T2) Vs. percentage slip ie. Slip Characteristics.3. To measure belt slip speed and observe the limiting value of load at constant speed when the slip just starts.

Service Required-

• 230 V.A.C. stabilised power supply.

The unit is designed to provide visual demonstration and measurement of longitudinal and transverse pressure distribution over Michell Thrust Bearing. Students can vary speed, gap and viscosity of oil. It gives visual demonstration of cavitaion. The unit consists of a belt moving on two identical pulleys driven by variable speed d.c.motor. The belt passes through a oil tank and carries oil film along with. This oil passes through tilting pads and develops pressure, which is measured by manometer through pressure tapings on tilting pad. Different types of pads can be used.

Specifications -Drive Motor - 0.5 HP, 1, 500 RPM, variable speed D.C.Motor with speed controller. Tilting Pad -a) Convergent Type - Rectangleb) Convergent Divergent Type - Rectangular.

Multitube ManometerManometer for cavitation demonstrationOil Tank - 0.5 X 0.2 X 0.2 m approx.Loading arrangement on pads.

The unit consists of a rectangular transparent flow section through which water is to be flown the velocity of water is changes as cross sectional area of channel changes. The changes of head can be measured with manometric tube connected at various sockets, along with the length of channel. Thus the Bernoullis theorem can be verified by calculating the energy & head of water at different section.

FEATURES

• Steady flow arrangement.
• Transparent flow section.
• Indendent measurement of Pressure Head
• Variable flow rate arrangement.
• Self sufficient unit.

SPECIFICATION

• Supply Tank 200 x 200 x 600 mm 2 No
.
• Flow channel 750mm long, transparent acrylic.
• Manometric tubes fixed over the flow channel 9 No. at distance of 7 Cm.
• Supply with flow control valve.
• Measuring tank. 300x400x300mm with FRP Lining
• Sump tank.- 900x400x400mm with FRP Lining.
• 0.5 H.P. pump Kirloskar make
• Supply tank is fitted on heavy pipe frame.
• Stop watch.

RANGE OF EXPERIMENT

• Bernoullis theorem can be verified.

The apparatus consists of a perspex cylinder with drain at center of bottom. The cylinder is fixed over a rotating platform which can be rotated with the help of a D. C. motor at different speeds. A tangential water supply rip is provided with flow control valve. The whole unit is mounted over the sump tank. Water is supplied by a centrifugal pump.

SPECIFICATIONS

• Cylindrical vessel 300mm dia with central bottom outlet, mounted over rotating platform. D. C. motor with controller to rotate the vessel.
• Sump Tank of 900 x 400 x 400 mm with FRP lining
• Measuring tank - 400 x 300 x 400 mm mounted over the sump tank.
• Centrifugal pump - 0.5 HP Kirloskar make to circulate the water.
• x-y co-ordinate measurement probe.

The unit consists of supply tank along with orifice and mouth piece fixed to the tank. A pointer is provided at the discharge of orifice to demonstrate & to determine X, Y co -ordinate of jet.

FEATURES

• An arrangement to obtain a steady or quiescent flow.
• An arrangement to vary the head by changing the position of over flow pipe.
• Piezometer tube to measure head.
• An arrangement to measure co-ordinate of jet.

SPECIFICATION

• Main supply tank with orifice & mouthpiece fitting arrangement Size 400 x 400 x 600 mm with FRP lining
• Sump Tank 900 x 400 x 400 mm with FRP Lining
• Measuring tank size 300 x 400 x 300 mm
• Orifice 2 No. Diameter of Orifice-8 & 10 mm, Mouth Piece - Diameter of mouthpiece 8 mm Length 25 mm Diameter of mouthpiece 10 mm Length 50 mm
• Tracer pointer with scale.
• Stop watch.

The unit consist of two pipes of different diameter. A collect tank is provided to measure the actual discharge.

FEATURES

• Testing of two pipes of different diameters.
• Measurement of head loss in the pipes at various flow rates.
• Calculation of pipe friction at various flow rates.

SPECIFICATIONS

• Sump Tank 900 x 400 x 400 mm with FRP lining
• Measuring Tank 300 x 400 x 300 mm with FRP lining
• Three pipes of 28 mm, 21 mm.& 17mm. diameter G.I. Pipe. Length of pipe 1 m.
• Flow control valve.
• Differential manometer 400 mm
• Stop watch.

The unit consists of a Acrylic tube connected to a tank. At entrance of tube a bell mouth section is provided and at the other end a valve is provide to control the rate of flow. A capillary tube is introduced centrally to the bell mouth to inject die. By varying the rate of flow the Reynolds number changes. This also changes type of flow. Visual observation of die (thread) will indicate the type of flow which can be confirmed from the REYNOLDS number computed.

FEATURES

• Steady flow arrangement
• Very clear flow visualization
• Fine control of die thread.
• Accurate flow measurement & control.

SPECIFICATIONS

• Acrylic tube (transparent) 25 mm OD / 20 mm ID of 1 meter length.
• Main Tank - 400X400X700 mm
• Constant Supply tank of 200x200x 200
• Flow control valve.
• Dye tank and syringe
• Measuring Flask & stop watch for flow measurement.

RANGE OF EXPERIMENT

• To determine the Reynolds number & hence the type of flow either laminar or turbulent.
• To determine upper & lower Reynolds number & velocities.

The apparatus consists of a transparent glass cylinder at the top of which two condensers are fitted. Steam is admitted in cylinder from bottom. One of the condenser is with chrome plated surface for drop wise condensation and other is with natural finish to promote film wise condensation. Water is circulated through the condensers from common inlet. The transparent glass cylinder allows visulisation of condensation process. A rotometer is provided to measure the water flow rate through condenser. A small steam generator is provided to produce necessary steam. A digital temperature indicator is used to measure temperatures at various locations. Students can determine heat transfer coefficients in drop and film wise condensation process.

Specifications

• Steam Generator with 1.5 Kw heater
• Condenser - 2 No.s - 150 mm long, 20mm dia.
• Material copper, one with chrome plating.
• Rotometer - 10 - 100 lph for cooling water.
• Pressure Gauge - 1 No., 0 - 2.1 Kg/Cm2
• Multychannel Digital Temperature Indicator.
• Flow Control Valves for water, steam & drain.

All substance emit thermal radiation at all temperatures and also absorbs all or part of radiation coming from surrounding. The set up is designed to measure emmissivity of given material. It consists of set of two identical circular aluminum plates with mica heater sandwiched in between. Test Plate and Black Plate , both plates are housed in a enclosure to ensure steady atmospheric conditions. A Perspex window is provided to visulise the arrangement. Input to heater can be varied by dimmer stat and measure by help of Digital Voltmeter an Ammeter. Thermocouples are provided to measure the temperatures of these plates. By knowing the heat input and temperatures, one can calculate Emmissivity of non black surface and study the variation of emmissivity of test plate with respect to absolute temperature.

Specifications

• Test Plate & Reference plate - 160 mm dia.
• Enclosure to house both plates.
• Heater - Nichrome wire heater - 2 No.s

Instrumentation & Control

• Digital Voltmeter - 0 - 199.9 Volts.
• Digital Ammeter - 0 - 1.999 Amp.
• Multy channel Digital Temperature Indicator.
• Heater Control - 2 No.

The apparatus consists of a small test sphere. This sphere is heated by a hot bath, till the steady state is reached and then it is coolled in air or water / oil. During both, heating and cooling of sphere, temperature of sphere is a function of time and hence, it is a unsteady state of heat transfer process. The temperature of sphere is measured by thermocouple. The hot bath is provided to heat sphere with temperature controller to facilitate to conduct experiment at different temperatures.

Specifications

• Test piece with thermocouples - 2 No.s of different materials.
• Hot bath with heater and controller.
• Cold bath.
• Digital Temperature Indicator.

Service Required

• Floor Space - 1.5 m X 1.5 m
• 15 Amp., 230 V.A.C. power supply.

The apparatus consists of a copper sphere in which a mica heater is fitted. This small sphere is surrounded by another copper sphere and the insulating powder to be tested is filled in between these two spheres. The heat produced by heater is radially flows outwards in all directions through insulating powder. A digital temperature indicator is used to measure temperatures of Inner & Outer sphere. An ammeter & voltmeter is provided to measure heater input. By knowing heat input and temperatures, thermal conductivity of powder can be calculated. The unit is provided with asbestos powder, however any other powder can be tested with this unit.

Specifications

• Inner sphere - copper - 100 mm. dia.
• Outer sphere - copper - 200 mm dia.
• Heater Mica heater placed in inner sphere.
• Thermocouples on outer surface of inner sphere and inner surface of outer sphere.

Instrumentation & Controls

• Digital Voltmeter - 0 - 199.9 Volts.
• Digital Ammeter - 0 - 1.999 Amp.
• Multy channel Digital Temperature Indicator.
• Heater Control

Service Required

• 230 V.A.C. stabilised supply with earthing
• Floor space - 1.5m X 1.5 m at working height.

The apparatus is designed to determine the Stefan Boltzman constant. The apparatus consists of a hemisphere fixed on a backlite plate, the outer surface is surrounded by a hot water jacket.Hot water to heat the tank is obtained from a hot water tank with heater fixed above hemisphere. Hot water jacket heats the hemisphere and this heat is transferred to a small copper test disc by radiation. This small test disc can be introduced at the center of hemisphere. A thermocouple is provided at the canter of disc to measure the temperature of disc. With the help of Timer/Stop Clock change in temperature with respect to time can be recorded. The average temperature of hemisphere can be measured by four thermocouples placed on hemisphere.

Features

Easy understanding of phenomenon of heat transfer by radiation.
• Determination of Stefan Boltzman constant.
• Built in timer for temperature measurement at constant intervals.

Specifications

• Hemisphere made of copper, 200 mm dia, approx.
• Hot water jacket
• Test Disc - 20 mm dia., 1.5 mm thick, copper
• Hot water tank with heater.

Instrumentation & Controls

• Multy channel Digital Temperature Indicator.

Experimentation

• Determination of Stefan Boltzman Constant.
• Study of effect of hemisphere temperature on the constant