The paper bag making machine has been designed and developed by eshan sadasivan, product design student of design programme, iit kanpur under the guidance of prof. shantanu bhattacharya and prof. mainak das. the product has been designed and developed by thoroughly following the principles of product design like user centred design survey, need statement and major requirement generation, idea rack, optimization, usability considerations, prototyping and testing, iterating the design. throughout india people make paper carry bags by hand in their homes as per the local demand. generally women in the family take up the paper bag business as a second source of income. children in the family support in making bags. we interviewed these people who earn their livelihood by making and selling paper carry bags [in bengaluru and shivamogga districts of karnataka, kanpur district of uttar pradesh and bhopal district of madhya pradesh] and got the following insights by developing empathy.

The paper bag making machine has been designed and developed by eshan sadasivan, product design student of design programme, iit kanpur under the guidance of prof. shantanu bhattacharya and prof. mainak das. the product has been designed and developed by thoroughly following the principles of product design like user centred design survey, need statement and major requirement generation, idea rack, optimization, usability considerations, prototyping and testing, iterating the design. throughout india people make paper carry bags by hand in their homes as per the local demand. generally women in the family take up the paper bag business as a second source of income. children in the family support in making bags. we interviewed these people who earn their livelihood by making and selling paper carry bags [in bengaluru and shivamogga districts of karnataka, kanpur district of uttar pradesh and bhopal district of madhya pradesh] and got the following insights by developing empathy.

In the global arena, jasmine makes international flower markets look at madurai for meeting the demand overseas. with strong roots adding to its advantage, the madurai malli is all set to get geographical indication tag, which will position itself as pride of south spreading fragrance beyond boundaries. production of jasmine flowers which are exported as garlands to malaysia, singapore, canada, america, dubai and a couple of european countries. the flowers are worn by women in their hair especially jasmine mostly in southern and southeast asia. moreover, this flower is used in the religious offerings and wedding ceremonies too. there is a growing demand for value added products like flower crowns, garlands from indians in the middle east and other countries. hence, the usage of flowers all over the world is unlimited. making crowns, garlands and winded flowers by using jasmine is a tedious process. on the other hand it is being affected the farmers who are producing jasmine and the flower winders. they feel that winding the flowers manually take too much of time and also boring. thus the human society based on this field is being suffered a lot. in order to improve their lifestyle, a novel flower winding machine is designed. it consists of flower tank, flower assembly belt, flower clamping belt, knot mechanism, cam and vibration system. the tank is used to store the flowers. at the bottom of the tank flower shape holes are provided. the hole exists upto the conveyor belt. the flowers way out from the tank fell down to the conveyor. at the end of the conveyor belt two more belts are constructed in the opposite direction for the proper clamping of flowers. finally the knot mechanism is introduced to make a knot. in this way, winded flowers are extracted from this machine. this innovative idea may help to lift their lifestyle who is involved in this field.

Handloom weaving has been identified as a sustainable and remunerative livelihood option for visually challenged people if they are given proper training. a new product, 'handloom mats made from old saris' has been developed by a non-profit organization called 'gramin shramik pratishthan' situated in latur district of maharashtra. the process of making mats from old sarees begins with cutting sarees into small ribbons. this process is very tedious, time consuming and involves a lot of drudgery. there is also safety concern for the visually challenged people during the cutting process. a hand held electric cutting machine is available in the market for this purpose. but the insufficient supply of electricity to many rural areas hampers the productivity of this machine. the objective of our project is to design a machine which will replace the current manual method of cutting old sarees into ribbons. it will reduce the drudgery and ensure regular, timely supply of ribbons wrapped in bobbins for weaving. we have designed three machines to solve this purpose. a) first design is completely human powered with three vertical blade cutters. b) second design has five electric powered rotary cutters. c) third design is completely electric powered with 30 rotary cutters. all these designs have inbuilt saree rolling mechanism. the productivity in terms of number of sarees cut per day is around 120, 175 and 600 respectively. we have conducted some experiments to calculate the forces experienced during cutting of saree bundle and also evaluated the power required in each machine.

Handloom weaving has been identified as a sustainable and remunerative livelihood option for visually challenged people if they are given proper training. a new product, 'handloom mats made from old saris' has been developed by a non-profit organization called 'gramin shramik pratishthan' situated in latur district of maharashtra. the process of making mats from old sarees begins with cutting sarees into small ribbons. this process is very tedious, time consuming and involves a lot of drudgery. there is also safety concern for the visually challenged people during the cutting process. a hand held electric cutting machine is available in the market for this purpose. but the insufficient supply of electricity to many rural areas hampers the productivity of this machine. the objective of our project is to design a machine which will replace the current manual method of cutting old sarees into ribbons. it will reduce the drudgery and ensure regular, timely supply of ribbons wrapped in bobbins for weaving. we have designed three machines to solve this purpose. a) first design is completely human powered with three vertical blade cutters. b) second design has five electric powered rotary cutters. c) third design is completely electric powered with 30 rotary cutters. all these designs have inbuilt saree rolling mechanism. the productivity in terms of number of sarees cut per day is around 120, 175 and 600 respectively. we have conducted some experiments to calculate the forces experienced during cutting of saree bundle and also evaluated the power required in each machine.

The diamond wire saw beads (dwsbs) find huge applications in the stone cutting industries. the properties of marblesstones vary from mine to mine. the performance of diamond wire saw beads, in terms of cutting productivity and the service life depend largely on its physical and mechanical properties. besides hardness, the wear resistance of bead is a major parameter that affects wire-sawing operation. as part of the research work, a simulated wear test rig was fabricated in order to provide rotational motion (30 rpm) to wire saw bead (wsb) and tangential motion (1500 rpm) to granite disc where in bead was allowed to slide on the counter face disc of granite material and thus wear performance of wire saw bead was investigated at applied load of 0.5kg. the wsbs were fabricated by varying chemical composition of electrolytic iron powder, tin and bronze (75% cu-25% sn) and other essential elements like nickel, copper, tungsten, aluminum and tin. these powder mixes were blended in a mixer with a ball to powder ratio of 10:1 (by wt.) for 2 h. then this blended powder was mixed manually with synthetic diamonds (5%) and 2% kenolube. the cobalt free wsbs were fabricated by using hot press sintering furnace at 820�c, 880�c, 900�c and 920�c hot-press sintering temperature. the effect of sintering temperature and various alloying elements on its properties like sintered density, hardness and wear rates were analyzed and compared with commercially available wsb containing 22% cobalt. it clearly shows that sinterability of wire saw bead enhances due to presence of liquefying agent such as sn and bronze. the abrasive wear gives rise to the severe continuous grooving marks on granite disc, which might come due to exposure of diamonds. this is followed by discussion on wear mechanism provided in the given system. overall, the cobalt free wsbs can be successfully fabricated at ordinary low cost (63%) and less energy (12%).

The paper bag making machine has been designed and developed by eshan sadasivan, product design student of design programme, iit kanpur under the guidance of prof. shantanu bhattacharya and prof. mainak das. the product has been designed and developed by thoroughly following the principles of product design like user centred design survey, need statement and major requirement generation, idea rack, optimization, usability considerations, prototyping and testing, iterating the design. throughout india people make paper carry bags by hand in their homes as per the local demand. generally women in the family take up the paper bag business as a second source of income. children in the family support in making bags. we interviewed these people who earn their livelihood by making and selling paper carry bags [in bengaluru and shivamogga districts of karnataka, kanpur district of uttar pradesh and bhopal district of madhya pradesh] and got the following insights by developing empathy.

The paper bag making machine has been designed and developed by eshan sadasivan, product design student of design programme, iit kanpur under the guidance of prof. shantanu bhattacharya and prof. mainak das. the product has been designed and developed by thoroughly following the principles of product design like user centred design survey, need statement and major requirement generation, idea rack, optimization, usability considerations, prototyping and testing, iterating the design. throughout india people make paper carry bags by hand in their homes as per the local demand. generally women in the family take up the paper bag business as a second source of income. children in the family support in making bags. we interviewed these people who earn their livelihood by making and selling paper carry bags [in bengaluru and shivamogga districts of karnataka, kanpur district of uttar pradesh and bhopal district of madhya pradesh] and got the following insights by developing empathy.

In the global arena, jasmine makes international flower markets look at madurai for meeting the demand overseas. with strong roots adding to its advantage, the madurai malli is all set to get geographical indication tag, which will position itself as pride of south spreading fragrance beyond boundaries. production of jasmine flowers which are exported as garlands to malaysia, singapore, canada, america, dubai and a couple of european countries. the flowers are worn by women in their hair especially jasmine mostly in southern and southeast asia. moreover, this flower is used in the religious offerings and wedding ceremonies too. there is a growing demand for value added products like flower crowns, garlands from indians in the middle east and other countries. hence, the usage of flowers all over the world is unlimited. making crowns, garlands and winded flowers by using jasmine is a tedious process. on the other hand it is being affected the farmers who are producing jasmine and the flower winders. they feel that winding the flowers manually take too much of time and also boring. thus the human society based on this field is being suffered a lot. in order to improve their lifestyle, a novel flower winding machine is designed. it consists of flower tank, flower assembly belt, flower clamping belt, knot mechanism, cam and vibration system. the tank is used to store the flowers. at the bottom of the tank flower shape holes are provided. the hole exists upto the conveyor belt. the flowers way out from the tank fell down to the conveyor. at the end of the conveyor belt two more belts are constructed in the opposite direction for the proper clamping of flowers. finally the knot mechanism is introduced to make a knot. in this way, winded flowers are extracted from this machine. this innovative idea may help to lift their lifestyle who is involved in this field.

Handloom weaving has been identified as a sustainable and remunerative livelihood option for visually challenged people if they are given proper training. a new product, 'handloom mats made from old saris' has been developed by a non-profit organization called 'gramin shramik pratishthan' situated in latur district of maharashtra. the process of making mats from old sarees begins with cutting sarees into small ribbons. this process is very tedious, time consuming and involves a lot of drudgery. there is also safety concern for the visually challenged people during the cutting process. a hand held electric cutting machine is available in the market for this purpose. but the insufficient supply of electricity to many rural areas hampers the productivity of this machine. the objective of our project is to design a machine which will replace the current manual method of cutting old sarees into ribbons. it will reduce the drudgery and ensure regular, timely supply of ribbons wrapped in bobbins for weaving. we have designed three machines to solve this purpose. a) first design is completely human powered with three vertical blade cutters. b) second design has five electric powered rotary cutters. c) third design is completely electric powered with 30 rotary cutters. all these designs have inbuilt saree rolling mechanism. the productivity in terms of number of sarees cut per day is around 120, 175 and 600 respectively. we have conducted some experiments to calculate the forces experienced during cutting of saree bundle and also evaluated the power required in each machine.

Handloom weaving has been identified as a sustainable and remunerative livelihood option for visually challenged people if they are given proper training. a new product, 'handloom mats made from old saris' has been developed by a non-profit organization called 'gramin shramik pratishthan' situated in latur district of maharashtra. the process of making mats from old sarees begins with cutting sarees into small ribbons. this process is very tedious, time consuming and involves a lot of drudgery. there is also safety concern for the visually challenged people during the cutting process. a hand held electric cutting machine is available in the market for this purpose. but the insufficient supply of electricity to many rural areas hampers the productivity of this machine. the objective of our project is to design a machine which will replace the current manual method of cutting old sarees into ribbons. it will reduce the drudgery and ensure regular, timely supply of ribbons wrapped in bobbins for weaving. we have designed three machines to solve this purpose. a) first design is completely human powered with three vertical blade cutters. b) second design has five electric powered rotary cutters. c) third design is completely electric powered with 30 rotary cutters. all these designs have inbuilt saree rolling mechanism. the productivity in terms of number of sarees cut per day is around 120, 175 and 600 respectively. we have conducted some experiments to calculate the forces experienced during cutting of saree bundle and also evaluated the power required in each machine.

The diamond wire saw beads (dwsbs) find huge applications in the stone cutting industries. the properties of marblesstones vary from mine to mine. the performance of diamond wire saw beads, in terms of cutting productivity and the service life depend largely on its physical and mechanical properties. besides hardness, the wear resistance of bead is a major parameter that affects wire-sawing operation. as part of the research work, a simulated wear test rig was fabricated in order to provide rotational motion (30 rpm) to wire saw bead (wsb) and tangential motion (1500 rpm) to granite disc where in bead was allowed to slide on the counter face disc of granite material and thus wear performance of wire saw bead was investigated at applied load of 0.5kg. the wsbs were fabricated by varying chemical composition of electrolytic iron powder, tin and bronze (75% cu-25% sn) and other essential elements like nickel, copper, tungsten, aluminum and tin. these powder mixes were blended in a mixer with a ball to powder ratio of 10:1 (by wt.) for 2 h. then this blended powder was mixed manually with synthetic diamonds (5%) and 2% kenolube. the cobalt free wsbs were fabricated by using hot press sintering furnace at 820�c, 880�c, 900�c and 920�c hot-press sintering temperature. the effect of sintering temperature and various alloying elements on its properties like sintered density, hardness and wear rates were analyzed and compared with commercially available wsb containing 22% cobalt. it clearly shows that sinterability of wire saw bead enhances due to presence of liquefying agent such as sn and bronze. the abrasive wear gives rise to the severe continuous grooving marks on granite disc, which might come due to exposure of diamonds. this is followed by discussion on wear mechanism provided in the given system. overall, the cobalt free wsbs can be successfully fabricated at ordinary low cost (63%) and less energy (12%).