Stained, Etched & Laminated Glass #5898107

The basic principal employed in the heat treating process is to create an initial condition of surface and edge compression. This condition of surface and edge compression. This Condition is achieved by first heating the glass. then cooling the surfaces rapidly. This leaves the center glass thickness and then cools, it forces the surfaces and edges into compression.

In the heat treatment process the key element is a application of a rapid air quench immediately upon withdrawal of hot (approx.1200 F ) glass from the tempering furnace. The immediate and sustained application of an air quench produces the temper.

As air direction against hot glass from arrays of fixed, reciprocation or rotating blast nozzles, it is important to extract heat uniformly from both surfaces(uneven heat extraction may produce bow or warp) and to sustains the quench long enough to prevent reheating of the glass surface from the still-hot glass core.

A quenched condition becomes stable when the glass is reduced to a temperature of approximately 400-600 F.

Tempered glass is used traditionally in place of other glass products in application requiring increased strength and reduced likelihood of injury in the event of breakage. The building industry, motor vehicle industry and certain manufacturing industries fine tempered glass effective and economical in a wide range of application.

Tempered glass can also be used for applications as doors, side lights, shower and tub enclosure, and interior partitions. It is also used in storm doors. Patio door assemblies And stairway balustrades. As a glazing product, it is used in windows and in spandrel areas, sloped glazing, racquetball courts, skylights and solar panels. Manufacturing industries use tempered glass in refrigerators, furniture, ovens, shelving, and fireplace screens.

The Bent Glass is flat glass to just below its softening temperature or that has been heated to approximately 700 degrees and gravity or mechanically formed to the desired shape. Bent glass is available as annealed, heat treated, tempered, laminated, or insulated. Inconsequence the impact applied to the glass will be overcome by the compressive stress on the surfaces to assure safety of use. It is ideal for areas with high wind loads and areas where human contacts are an important consideration. The Maximum Size 1830 x 2440 MM.

The insulted glass is a prefabricated unit made of two or more glass panes, which have been separated by an air gap and edge-sealed together. This edge seal not only binds the individual sheets of glass together. This edge seal not only binds the individual sheets of glass together. To maintain the mechanical strength of the joint but also projects the space between the glass from outside influence. The air enclosed between the two glass panes, heat transmission through the window is drastically reduced.

The moisture getting into the space and the desiccant absorbs the moisture coming through the seal.

All material like aluminum spacers, corner keys, desiccants and sealants are 100% imported and of international standards. The aluminum spacers are cut to size, filled with desiccant and joined at the edges in the form of a frame, primary sealant butyl (polyisobutalyne) is applied to the edges and made ready to be incorporated in the assembly. Glasses are and dried on the computerized manufacturing line and conveyed to the assembly for last inspection and assembled with aluminum spacer in which primary sealant has already been applied. The assembly is then pressed and conveyed to the applicator table for applying the secondary sealant which is two part polysulphide or two part structural silicon. Suitable time for curing is allowed before final cleaning and transportation.

The aluminum profile or space bar is responsible for establishing the precise distance between the glass panes, as there is a correlation between the glass panes and the energy saving properties, and last but not the least the absorbent will dry the cavity filling completely to prevents the condensation inside the glass panes. The moisture which has to be absorbed comes from the wet air which is trapped into the intermediate airspace during the production and form the moisture vapour which penetrates through the sealant during the lifetime of the insulating glass unit.

The Laminated Glass is typically manufactured by placing a layer of polyvinyl butyral between two or more lites of glass and then fusing it together using heat and pressure in a special oven called an autoclave. Resin laminating is a recently developed alternative process where a liquid chemical mixture is poured into the space between the two lites of glass and allowed to cure or harden. The most important characteristic of laminated glass is the ability of the interlayer to hold the glass in place when broken, providing protection against falling glass and/or penetration of the opening. The PVB layer reduces fading from UV rays and reduces sound transmission. Numerous types of glass, polycarbonate and interlayers in varying thicknesses can be used to accomplish a great variety of tasks such as bullet resistant or hurricane resistant requirements.

The Heat Strengthened Glass is similar to tempered glass in many respects. It is approximately two (2) times as strong as annealed glass of the same size and thickness. Distortion is less evident than tempered. It does not qualify as a safety glazing material because its break pattern is like annealed glass. It does not have the tendency to break spontaneously like tempered glass. Once heat strengthened, the glass can not be cut or drilled.

During heat strengthening, annealed glass is reheated to a high temperature, then cooled Quickly in a process called quenching the resulting heat-strengthened glass is twice as strong as annealed glass of equal thickness and offers significantly greater resistance to wind loads, impacts, and thermal loads.

The first step in the heat- strengthening process is cleaning annealed glass and cutting to size. then it is placed in a furnace and heated to approximately 1150F. The glass is then air- cooled to create a balanced condition of stress with in the glass itself, making it more resistant to external stresses.

Heat strengthening does not result in a safety glass product ; heat-strengthened glass breaks in a pattern similar to annealed glass. For applications where safe breakages is a concern, tempered glass should be used.

Heat-strengthened products form SIGTuff are perfect for many commercial applications include spandrels, windows in high wind load areas, and applications where the glass is expected to develop high thermal stresses.

The Tinted Glass (heat absorbing glass) is made by adding color pigments to the raw materials in the float process. Standard colors include bronze, gray, dark gray, green, blue and blue/green. Imported glass may be in non-standard colors. The color density is a function of thickness, as the glass gets thicker the density of the color increases and the amount light transmittance decreases. Because tinted glass reduces the amount of light transmitted, it also absorbs some of that solar energy, called heat absorption. This added heat causes thermal stress which may affect the glass and can cause it to break if it is not tempered.

The Reflective Glass (solar control glass) is a clear or tinted glass that has a thin layer of metal oxide, approximately 7.6 thick, applied to the surface of the glass. Reflective glass has aesthetic appeal because of the multitude of color choices available, but on the other hand it becomes more expensive to replace if broken. It increases energy savings by reducing solar heat gain while allowing some of the visible light to pass through.

The Low E- Glass (low emissivity) is a type of reflective glass that appears to be clear while reflecting heat back to its source. It reduces heat loss while providing maximum light transmittance, and also helps resist UV rays. Depending on viewing angle and sunlight a slight tint can be seen. Glass from different runs or with different metal oxide coatings will exhibit differences of hue or color, making it extremely difficult to match multiple lites of Low E glass.

About 90 % of the world's flat glass is currently formed via the float method, which produces glass with extremely flat, parallel surfaces. Float glass has many application in commercial and residential construction, the automotive industry, and specialty applications such as mirror manufacturing.

Float glass is formed from a 'batch' that typically consists of silica sand, soda and lime. At the beginning of the float process, these materials are digitally weighed and mixed with cullet crushed , recycled glass that is left over from previous float cycle.

Small amounts of other material such as metals and metal oxides may be added to tint the glass. Conveyor transfers the batch mixture into the batch house. From there, it is continuously fed into the furnace, where it melts at a temperature of approximately 2800F.

From the furnace, the molten glass mixture moves through a canal and onto a pool of liquid tin. Since tin has a higher specific gravity than glass ribbon, its edges helping to control both its width and its speed. The speed at which the glass ribbon moves will determine the ultimate thickness of the cooled glass.

At this point, specialized metallic oxide coatings such as low-emissive or reflective coatings can be applied to the 'atmosphere' surface of the glass, in order to improve its performance or to enhance its appearance. This online coating process is known as chemical vapor deposition and these coatings are called paralytic or 'hard' coats.

Whenever or not the molten glass is coated, it must be cooled to approximately 1100F as it progresses through the tin bath, finally reaching a solid state where it is possible to lift it out with the help of rollers.

The float glass is cooled slowly or 'annealed' in order to remove any residual stresses. After annealing, the solidified ribbon of float glass is cool enough for further processing and cut into pieces.

Cooled float glass passes through inspection booths to ensure that it has the uncompromising quality needed for its end use. Defects are marked, and the rough edges where knurls pulled the glass through the molten tin are trimmed for use as cullet in a future batch of float glass. The reminder of the glass ribbon is cut for packaging.

Float glass can be cut into large standard sheets or cut to size, according to its ultimate use. The glass is then inventoried, stored, ready to be shipped.

Float glass include clear float, heavy float, low-iron, and tinted glass.