Shoulder fractures can result from a fall on the shoulder, a motor vehicle accident, contact sports, etc. The shoulder is a complex joint connecting the arm to the body. The shoulder bones include the humerus (upper arm bone), the scapula (shoulder blade) and the clavicle (collarbone). The upper end of the humerus has a ball-like shape that connects with the socket of the scapula, called the glenoid. Disruption of any of the parts of the shoulder can create difficulty with its function.

A broken bone must be carefully stabilized and supported until it is strong enough to handle the body's weight and movement. Until the last century, physicians relied on casts and splints to support and stabilize the bone from outside the body. The advent of sterile surgical procedures reduced the risk of infection, allowing doctors to internally set and stabilize fractured bones. During a surgical procedure to set a fracture, the bone fragments are first repositioned (reduced) into their normal alignment. They are held together with special implants, such as plates, screws, nails, and wires. Internal fixation allows shorter hospital stays, enables patients to return to function earlier, and reduces the incidence of nonunion (improper healing) and malunion (healing in improper position) of broken bones. The implants used for internal fixation are made from stainless steel and titanium, which are durable and strong. If a joint is to be replaced, rather than fixed, these implants can also be made of cobalt and chrome. Implants are compatible with the body and rarely cause an allergic reaction.

Total knee replacement is a complex surgical procedure wherein knee joint is replaced with prosthetic implant made up of artificial material or metals. Orthopedic surgeon takes precise measurements of the knee joint in order to determine the size of knee implant. Each component of knee is then replaced with metallic component and held in place with bone cement. The surgery takes around 2-3 hours to complete. Total knee replacement surgery is also called as total knee arthroplasty. Why is total knee replacement surgery required?total knee replacement surgery becomes necessary if: arthritis or rare destructive knee joint diseases have severely damaged your kneesimple activities like walking, climbing stairs become very painfulsitting for long hours or lying down in one position also becomes painfulwalking supports become of no usemedications and non-surgical treatments are useless to alleviate knee painknee joint has been so severely damaged due to accident or injury that it cannot be healed with non-surgical treatments

Knee resurfacing is an operative procedure that addresses localized cartilage (joint surface lining) defects in the knee joint and improves pain and function. What is a femoral condyle cartilage defect? The knee joint consists of three bones; the femur; the tibia, and the patella or kneecap. The ends of the femur and tibia glide against each other as you move. Cartilage is the slippery shock absorbing material that covers the ends of bones to allow pain-free movement. A femoral condyle cartilage defect disrupts this surface which can lead to pain and loss of movement. If these defects are not treated they typically grow in size and depth until the pain is unmanageable. Most of these defects are routinely treated by a technique called micro-fracture (drilling small holes in the bone) to promote some healing and eventually sealing off the defect with a layer of fibrocartilage. Generally, in people aged between 35-65, sometimes these defects are quite large and the results with the microfracture technique are not very predictable or successful and in other people sometimes the micro-fracture treated areas fail and in both these situations using an implant to address the localized cartilage defect helps with pain and function.

Shoulder fractures can result from a fall on the shoulder, a motor vehicle accident, contact sports, etc. The shoulder is a complex joint connecting the arm to the body. The shoulder bones include the humerus (upper arm bone), the scapula (shoulder blade) and the clavicle (collarbone). The upper end of the humerus has a ball-like shape that connects with the socket of the scapula, called the glenoid. Disruption of any of the parts of the shoulder can create difficulty with its function.

A broken bone must be carefully stabilized and supported until it is strong enough to handle the body's weight and movement. Until the last century, physicians relied on casts and splints to support and stabilize the bone from outside the body. The advent of sterile surgical procedures reduced the risk of infection, allowing doctors to internally set and stabilize fractured bones. During a surgical procedure to set a fracture, the bone fragments are first repositioned (reduced) into their normal alignment. They are held together with special implants, such as plates, screws, nails, and wires. Internal fixation allows shorter hospital stays, enables patients to return to function earlier, and reduces the incidence of nonunion (improper healing) and malunion (healing in improper position) of broken bones. The implants used for internal fixation are made from stainless steel and titanium, which are durable and strong. If a joint is to be replaced, rather than fixed, these implants can also be made of cobalt and chrome. Implants are compatible with the body and rarely cause an allergic reaction.

Total knee replacement is a complex surgical procedure wherein knee joint is replaced with prosthetic implant made up of artificial material or metals. Orthopedic surgeon takes precise measurements of the knee joint in order to determine the size of knee implant. Each component of knee is then replaced with metallic component and held in place with bone cement. The surgery takes around 2-3 hours to complete. Total knee replacement surgery is also called as total knee arthroplasty. Why is total knee replacement surgery required?total knee replacement surgery becomes necessary if: arthritis or rare destructive knee joint diseases have severely damaged your kneesimple activities like walking, climbing stairs become very painfulsitting for long hours or lying down in one position also becomes painfulwalking supports become of no usemedications and non-surgical treatments are useless to alleviate knee painknee joint has been so severely damaged due to accident or injury that it cannot be healed with non-surgical treatments

Knee resurfacing is an operative procedure that addresses localized cartilage (joint surface lining) defects in the knee joint and improves pain and function. What is a femoral condyle cartilage defect? The knee joint consists of three bones; the femur; the tibia, and the patella or kneecap. The ends of the femur and tibia glide against each other as you move. Cartilage is the slippery shock absorbing material that covers the ends of bones to allow pain-free movement. A femoral condyle cartilage defect disrupts this surface which can lead to pain and loss of movement. If these defects are not treated they typically grow in size and depth until the pain is unmanageable. Most of these defects are routinely treated by a technique called micro-fracture (drilling small holes in the bone) to promote some healing and eventually sealing off the defect with a layer of fibrocartilage. Generally, in people aged between 35-65, sometimes these defects are quite large and the results with the microfracture technique are not very predictable or successful and in other people sometimes the micro-fracture treated areas fail and in both these situations using an implant to address the localized cartilage defect helps with pain and function.