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the growth and flowering in marigold are generally controlled by light duration and temperature, therefore, selection of varieties should be according to climatic conditions. the suitable varieties of marigold for growing in different seasons
soil and climate
marigold can be grown successfully in a wide variety of soils. the soil should be well drained, well aerated, deep, fertile, good water holding capacity and neutral soil reaction (ph 6.5 -7.5). saline and acidic soils are not suitable for cultivation. an ideal soil for marigold cultivation is fertile sandy loam. african and french marigold both are hardy in nature. they can grow well throughout the year under tropical and subtropical conditions but requires mild climate for luxuriant growth and flowering. in very high temperature, plants cease to growth, flower production is affected adversely and flower size is also reduced to a great extent. mild climate during growing period (14.5 -28.6 degreec) greatly improves flowering while higher temperatures (26.2 -36.4 degreec) adversely affect flower production.
sowing time and season
depending on environment planting of marigold can be done in three seasons i.e. rainy, winter and summer and seeds are sown accordingly. hence, flowers of marigold can be obtained throughout the year. the seasons of sowing and transplanting of seedling for obtaining flowers at different seasons of a year are as under-
table2. seasons of seed sowing and transplanting of seedlings
flowering seasons | sowing time | transplanting time |
late rains | mid-june | mid-july |
winter | mid-september | mid-october |
summer | jan-february | february- march |
propagation
there are two common methods of propagation of marigold i.e. by seeds and by cuttings. plants raised from seeds are tall, vigorous and heavy yielder and hence, seed propagation is preferred to cuttings.
spacing
plant density depends largely upon the growth habit, cultivar and the soil type. in general, spacing should be 30 cm x 30 cm for french marigold and 40 cm x 40 cm for african marigold. proper spacing between plants is required for better development of plant and higher flower yield.
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