Citicoline

Citicoline is a nutritional supplement and source of choline and cytidine with potential neuroprotective and nootropic activity. Citicoline, also known as cytidine-5-diphosphocholine orcdp-choline, is hydrolyzed into cytidine and choline in the intestine. Following absorption, both cytidine and choline are dispersed, utilized in various biosynthesis pathways, and cross the blood-brain barrier for resynthesis into citicoline in the brain which is the rate-limiting product in synthesis ofphosphatidylcholine. this agent also increasesacetylcholine (ach), norepinephrine (ne) and dopamine levels in the central nervous system (cns). In addition, citicoline is involved in the preservation of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin and the restoration of na+k+-atpase activity. Citicoline also increases glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity, and exerts antiapoptotic effects.