Instead of big cuts, surgeons makes small cuts, put special trocars (hollow tubes) inside the body cavity, put a telescope inside (with a specialised camera mounted on it) which gives the inside image on a monitor. Instead of putting their hands inside, again, special trocars (hollow tubes) are inserted and specialised, 5-10mm size instruments are inserted through the trocars and operation is carried out by manipulating these instruments from outside with surgeon's hands.