Catalyst and dehydrating agent in many organic chemical manufacturing and petrochemical processes, In the manufacturing of detergents, In the manufacturing of titanium dioxide (a widely used white pigment), and other dyes and pigments, In the manufacturing of fertilizers mainly phosphates but also zinc, ammonium and potassium sulphates, In the manufacturing process for a range of plastics, Metal processing such as picking and de-scaling of steel, and non-ferrous metal plating and purification.