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mustard seeds are the small round seeds of various mustard plants. The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres (0.039 to 0.079 in) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black. They are important herbs in many regional foods and may come from one of three different plants: black mustard (brassica nigra), brown indian mustard (b.juncea), or white mustard (b. Hirta/sinapis alba).
these are different names of mustard in different states of india such as raai (gujarati), mohari (marathi), aavalu (telugu), kadugu (tamil), or sasive (kannada), kadugu(malayalam). Variety of indian pickles consisting mainly of mangoes, red chilli powder, and aavaa pindi (powdered mustard seed) preserved in mustard oil, is popular in southern india with its origin in andhra pradesh.
mustard seeds have been highly prized culinary oil-seeds being in use since earlier times. The seeds are fruit pods obtained from mustard plant, in the brassica family. Some of close members of mustards in this family include cabbage, broccoli, brussels-sprouts, etc.
mustards are winter crops. The plant reaches about 4-5 feet in height and bears golden yellow colored flowers. Its tiny, round seeds measuring about one mm in diameter are encased inside a fruit pod, in a similar fashion like green pea pod. Mustard seeds are sold either whole or as a ground powder.in general, three main varieties of mustard are grown worldwide for use:white mustard seeds (sinapis alba or brassica alba): the seeds are light straw-yellow colored and are slightly larger than the other two varieties. White seeds exhibit mild pungency.