Vanadium steels are used for general engineering purposes. Vanadium imparts hardness, tensile strength & machining qualities. Small quantity of vanadium added imparts excellent welding characteristics. When a large amount is added with chromium and tungsten in steel, to make high speed tools noted for hardness retention over a moderate temperature range. Vanadium steels are used in high – pressure boilers, locomotive parts, gears and turbines. Specifications V 50 % min C 0. 10 % max Si 1.50% max P 0. 05 % max S 0. 05 % max AL 1.50% max