Double End Stud

These bolts have equal thread length at both ends.

Each of them have different application.

Apart from these, there are stud bolts for flanges which are fully threaded with chamfered ends, and double ended with reduced shank for special bolting applications. For studs that are not completely threaded, there are two types of studs:

1. Full-bodied studs: They have a shank equal to the major diameter of the thread. The stresses are greater in the threads than in the shank. They are weaker because metal is removed to create the thread, disturbing the grain of the steel.
2. Undercut studs: They have a shank equal to the pitch diameter of the screw thread. They are designed to better distribute axial stresses. They (rolled thread) are also stronger because the metal is “rolled” up to the major diameter, not removed. This preserves the grain of the steel, and in some cases even enhances it.

Studs are only required in applications where it is exposed to fatigue. Cut threads are entirely suitable for many applications, even when rolled threads might be slightly stronger. Mass-produced fasteners (standard bolts and studs) are usually rolled but jobbed parts with custom features and small lot sizes are likely to be cut.