Bridge Rectifier, for Electric Furnace, Power : 1-2kw

Listing ID #964150

The Bridge Rectifier is a simple rectifier circuit for AC to DC conversion. Full wave rectifier circuit produces an output voltage or current which is purely DC or has some specified DC component. Full wave rectifiers have some fundamental advantages over their half wave rectifier counterparts. The average (DC) output voltage is higher than for half wave, the output of the full wave rectifier has much less ripple than that of the half wave rectifier producing a smoother output waveform. Circuit that produces the same output waveform as the full wave rectifier circuit above, is that of the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier. This type of single phase rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes connected in a closed loop "bridge" configuration to produce the desired output. The main advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a special centre tapped transformer, thereby reducing its size and cost.
The single secondary winding is connected to one side of the diode bridge network and the load to the other side as shown below as per output voltage. The four diodes labeled D1 to D4 are arranged in "series pairs" with only two diodes conducting current during each half cycle. During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct in series while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through the load as shown below. The full-wave bridge rectifier however, gives us a greater mean DC value with less superimposed ripple while the output waveform is twice that of the frequency of the input supply frequency.    
We can therefore increase its average DC output level even higher by connecting a suitable smoothing capacitor C1 across the output of the bridge circuit as shown below. The LED is connected through R1 across output voltage.
Most power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high mains voltage (230V) to a safer low voltage. Here we are use secondary voltage transformer like 0-6,0-9,0-12 etc. for low current.