Ball Clay is a plastic clay used in the ceramic industry to provide strength and malleability to a ceramic body prior to firing. Also, during firing, ball clay is one of the components which fuses to act as a ‘cement’ binding together the refractory, non-shrinking components of the ceramic body. Much of the ceramic ware produced using ball clay is moulded (such as sanitaryware) and the use of ball clay is essential to ensure that mouldings do not sag or lose shape prior to firing.
Ball clay consists, largely of the mineral kaolinite, but with a smaller crystal size than that of other clays. The reasons for inclusion of ball clays in whiteware bodies include; increased workability of the body in the plastic state, development of increased green strength, increased fluidity imparted to casting slipsand the fluxing ability of some ball clays. The amount of ball clays in the whiteware, however, has to be controlled because in most cases they contain substantial amounts of iron oxide and titania, which impair the whiteness of the fired bodies and reduce the translucency of vitreous ware. If whiteness is desired, not more than about 15% of ball clay can be added to a clay body. In addition, the large amounts of water that must be added to develop high plasticity, results in large shrinkages during drying. Therefore, ball clays cannot completely replace kaolin in a ceramic body without causing cracking and warpage of the ware.
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