The apparatus consists of a small test cylinder. The cylinder is heated by a constant temperature water bath, till steady state is reached. During heating, temperature of the cylinder is function of time and hence, heating of cylinder is unsteady state heat transfer. The temperature of cylinder is measured with the help of temperature sensor inserted in the center. The hot water bath is provided with a heater and is controlled by digital temperature controller. An agitator is also provided to maintain the constant temperature.

The apparatus consists of Blower unit fitted with the test pipe. Nichrome wire heater surrounds the test section. Four Temperature Sensors are embedded on the test section, two placed in the air stream at the entrance and exit of the test section to measure the inlet and outlet air temperature. Test pipe is connected to the delivery side of the blower along with the Orifice to measure flow of air through the pipe. Constant heat flux is given to pipe by an electric heater through a variac and measured by Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter.

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger are popular in industries because they occupy less space and offer reasonable temperature drop. The apparatus consists of fabricated SS shell, inside which tubes with baffles on outer side are fitted. It is two-pass heat exchanger so that hot water passes to one end of shell through the tubes and returns to another end through remaining tubes. The cold water is admitted at the one end of shell, which passes over the hot-water tubes. Valves are provided to control the flow rates of hot and cold water. Flow rates of hot and cold water are measured using Rotameters. A magnetic drive pump is used to circulate the hot water from a re-cycled type water tank, which is fitted with heaters and Digital Temperature Controller.

The setup consists of a brass tube fitted in a rectangular duct in a vertical fashion. The duct is open at the top and bottom, and forms an enclosure and serves the purpose of undisturbed surrounding. One side of the duct is fitted with a transparent good quality Acrylic window for visualization. An electric heating element is kept in the vertical tube that in turns heats the tube surface. The heat is lost from the tube to the surrounding air by natural convection. The temperature of the vertical tube is measure by Temperature Sensors and displayed by a Digital Temperature Indicator with multi-channel switch. The heat input to the heater is measured by a Digital Ammeter and a Digital Voltmeter and is varied by a variac. The tube surface is polished to minimize the radiation losses.

The plate heat exchanger is made up of profiled plates with water flowing through the spaces between them. The plates are soldered in such a way that two separate flow channels are formed. These are one cold and one hot flow channel, in an alternating arrangement. Hot and cold water flow continuously. Part of the thermal energy of the hot water is transferred to the cold water. Valves are used to adjust the flow of hot and cold water. The supply hose can be reconnected using quick release

Couplings allowing the flow direction to be reversed. This allows parallel flow and counter flow operation.

During experiments, temperature curves are plotted and displayed graphically. Additionally, the measured values can be recorded and processed using data acquisition software. The mean heat transfer coefficient is then calculated as a characteristic variable.

The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments

The setup consists of a heater sandwiched between two sets of slabs. Three types of slabs are provided on either sides of heater, which forms a composite structure. A small hand press frame is provided to ensure the perfect contact between the slabs. A variac is provided for varying the input to the heater and Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter display the heat input. Heat produced by heater flows axially on both the sides. Temperature Sensors are embedded between interfaces of slabs to determine the temperature gradient. The experiment can be conducted at various values of input and calculation can be made accordingly

Experiments

• To determine total thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of composite wall
• To plot temperature gradient along composite wall structure

Utilities Required

• Electricity Supply: 1Phase, 220 V AC, 2 Amp.
• Table for set-up support

Heat exchangers are widely used in various industries. Finned tube Heat Exchanger is a Tube-in-tube type heat exchanger. The inner tube is of carper tube with fins on the outside surface. Hot water flows through inner tube and cold fluid flows over the inner tube in outer tube. The flow rate of hot & cold fluid is measured with the help of measuring cylinder &stopwatch. Inlet and outlet temperatures of fluids are measured with the help of digital temperature indicators. A magnetic drive pump is used to circulate the hot water from a re-cycled type water tank, which is fitted with heaters and Digital Temperature Controller.

Experiments

• To calculate the LMTD
• To find Heat transfer rate
• To find out overall heat transfer co-efficient.

Utilities Required

• Water supply 10 lit/min (approx.) Drain.
• Electricity Supply: I Phase, 220 V AC, 5 kW.
• Floor area of 1.75m x 1m

The apparatus consists of a small test cylinder. The cylinder is heated by a constant temperature water bath, till steady state is reached. During heating, temperature of the cylinder is function of time and hence, heating of cylinder is unsteady state heat transfer. The temperature of cylinder is measured with the help of temperature sensor inserted in the center. The hot water bath is provided with a heater and is controlled by digital temperature controller. An agitator is also provided to maintain the constant temperature.

The apparatus consists of Blower unit fitted with the test pipe. Nichrome wire heater surrounds the test section. Four Temperature Sensors are embedded on the test section, two placed in the air stream at the entrance and exit of the test section to measure the inlet and outlet air temperature. Test pipe is connected to the delivery side of the blower along with the Orifice to measure flow of air through the pipe. Constant heat flux is given to pipe by an electric heater through a variac and measured by Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter.

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger are popular in industries because they occupy less space and offer reasonable temperature drop. The apparatus consists of fabricated SS shell, inside which tubes with baffles on outer side are fitted. It is two-pass heat exchanger so that hot water passes to one end of shell through the tubes and returns to another end through remaining tubes. The cold water is admitted at the one end of shell, which passes over the hot-water tubes. Valves are provided to control the flow rates of hot and cold water. Flow rates of hot and cold water are measured using Rotameters. A magnetic drive pump is used to circulate the hot water from a re-cycled type water tank, which is fitted with heaters and Digital Temperature Controller.

The setup consists of a brass tube fitted in a rectangular duct in a vertical fashion. The duct is open at the top and bottom, and forms an enclosure and serves the purpose of undisturbed surrounding. One side of the duct is fitted with a transparent good quality Acrylic window for visualization. An electric heating element is kept in the vertical tube that in turns heats the tube surface. The heat is lost from the tube to the surrounding air by natural convection. The temperature of the vertical tube is measure by Temperature Sensors and displayed by a Digital Temperature Indicator with multi-channel switch. The heat input to the heater is measured by a Digital Ammeter and a Digital Voltmeter and is varied by a variac. The tube surface is polished to minimize the radiation losses.

The plate heat exchanger is made up of profiled plates with water flowing through the spaces between them. The plates are soldered in such a way that two separate flow channels are formed. These are one cold and one hot flow channel, in an alternating arrangement. Hot and cold water flow continuously. Part of the thermal energy of the hot water is transferred to the cold water. Valves are used to adjust the flow of hot and cold water. The supply hose can be reconnected using quick release

Couplings allowing the flow direction to be reversed. This allows parallel flow and counter flow operation.

During experiments, temperature curves are plotted and displayed graphically. Additionally, the measured values can be recorded and processed using data acquisition software. The mean heat transfer coefficient is then calculated as a characteristic variable.

The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments

The setup consists of a heater sandwiched between two sets of slabs. Three types of slabs are provided on either sides of heater, which forms a composite structure. A small hand press frame is provided to ensure the perfect contact between the slabs. A variac is provided for varying the input to the heater and Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter display the heat input. Heat produced by heater flows axially on both the sides. Temperature Sensors are embedded between interfaces of slabs to determine the temperature gradient. The experiment can be conducted at various values of input and calculation can be made accordingly

Experiments

• To determine total thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of composite wall
• To plot temperature gradient along composite wall structure

Utilities Required

• Electricity Supply: 1Phase, 220 V AC, 2 Amp.
• Table for set-up support

Heat exchangers are widely used in various industries. Finned tube Heat Exchanger is a Tube-in-tube type heat exchanger. The inner tube is of carper tube with fins on the outside surface. Hot water flows through inner tube and cold fluid flows over the inner tube in outer tube. The flow rate of hot & cold fluid is measured with the help of measuring cylinder &stopwatch. Inlet and outlet temperatures of fluids are measured with the help of digital temperature indicators. A magnetic drive pump is used to circulate the hot water from a re-cycled type water tank, which is fitted with heaters and Digital Temperature Controller.

Experiments

• To calculate the LMTD
• To find Heat transfer rate
• To find out overall heat transfer co-efficient.

Utilities Required

• Water supply 10 lit/min (approx.) Drain.
• Electricity Supply: I Phase, 220 V AC, 5 kW.
• Floor area of 1.75m x 1m