Due to the lift motion of the piston and piston rings, their partner the cylinder surface is also subject to high mechanical loads and must withstand increased ignition pressures and speeds. In order to reduce wear, the running surface should be smooth and the lubrication between the sliding partners must be ensured. The type and quality of the running surface effects oil consumption as well as the wear of the two components.
From a purely mechanical standpoint, the task of the camshaft is to convert the rotary motion of the crankshaft into an oscillating motion of the cam follower by means of the cam profile. The shape of the cam profile defines the valve lift and is thus a fundamental adjustment parameter in the design of the gas exchange and thus of the combustion process.
The term cam follower is a generic term for the various elements that are moved directly by the cam lobe. They follow the cam lift and transmit the motion to the downstream valve components. Cam followers include tappets, buckets, and levers in a wide range of designs.
Valves, valve guides, and valve seat inserts work as an assembly to seal off the combustion chamber within the valve train. While the valve and valve seat insert perform the actual sealing function, the valve guide supports the motion of the valve.
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