Heat Exchangers

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Critical Heat Flux Apparatus

Digital Voltmeter 0 - 199.9 Volts.
Digital Ammeter 0 - 19.9 Amp.

The apparatus consists of a nichrome wire immersed in water. The Nichrome wire is heated by passing current through it. Input to the nichrome wire is controlled by dimmer stat. As one goes on increasing wire input current, at critical heat flux, the wire brakes which is measured on meter. We can visulise natural convection and pool boiling. A separate bulk heater is provided to conduct experiment at various temperatures.

Specifications:

Glass trough placed on a tripod housing water, test & bulk heater.
Thermometer to measure water temperature.

Instrumentation & Controls :

Digital Voltmeter - 0 - 199.9 Volts.
Digital Ammeter - 0 - 19.9 Amp.
Heater Control .
Necessary switches and Fuses.

Service Required :

230 V.A.C. stabilized supply with earthing.
Floor space - 1.5m X 1.5 m approx.

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Counter Flow Heat Exchanger

Geyser 3 Kw capacity.
Floor space 3.5 m X 1 m at working height.

Heat Exchangers are devices in which heat is transferred from one fluid to another. This apparatus is a tube in tube type concentric tube heat exchanger. Hot fluid flows through inner tube and clod fluid flows through outer tube. The direction of clod fluid flow can be changed from parallel flow to counter flow with the help of valves. Thermometer pockets with thermometers are provided to measure temperatures of incoming and outgoing cold and hot fluid.An electrical geyser of sufficient capacity is provided to obtain hot water. Flow rates of cold and hot water can be controlled by means of valves and measured by measuring flask. Main test section is insulated to minimise heat losses.

Specifications:

Length of heat exchanger - 1.5 m.
Outer Tube- G.I. O.D. 38 mm I.D. 27.5 mm.
Inner Tube - Copper, O.D. 12.5 mm.
Thermometers -0 to 50 ⁰C - 2 No.0 to 100 ⁰C- 2 No.

Measuring Flask & Stop Clock.

Experimentation :

Determination of overall heat transfer co-efficient for a tube in tube type heat exchanger.
To calculate -
1. Rate of heat transfer.
2. L.M.D.T.
3. Theoretical overall heat transfer co-efficient.

Service Required :

230 V.A.C. stabilized supply with earthing.
Water supply about 10-15 l.p.m. at constant head.
Adequate drainage system.

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Heat Transfer In Forced Convection

The apparatus consists of a circular pipe, loosing heat by forced convection to the air being forced through it. Constant heat flux is added to the pipe by an electrical heater, provided with input control. The pipe surface temperature is measured by thermocouples at various points along the length of pipe. Temperatures of air inlet and outlet of test sections are measured. Thus the students can calculate local and overall heat transfer coefficients in forced convection, at various air flow rates and various temperatures.

Specifications: