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FLANGE DRILLING:
IS 1538 TABLE 4 & 6 / BS EN 1092 – 2 TABLE 8&9
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BODY, COVER & COWL
CAST IRON, IS 210 Gr. FG 200
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HIGH PRESSURE ORIFICE & PLUG
S.S., AISI 410 / BRONZE, IS 318 Gr. LTB-2
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HIGH PRESSURE FLOAT
SEASONED TIMBER CORED RUBBER BALL
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LOW PRESSURE FLOAT
SEASONED TIMBER CORED VULCANITE BALL
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LOW PRESSURE SEAT RING
NITRILE RUBBER
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VALVE SPINDLE
HIGH TENSILE BRASS / S.S., AISI 410
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VALVE SEAT AND SPINDLE NUT
BRONZE, IS 318 Gr. LTB-2
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PRESSURE RATING
PN 10 / 16
The presence of free air in pipeline can reduce the severity of water hammer considerably. Celerity(speed) of an elastic wave with, say 2% of air at a pressure head of 50m of water reduces celerity from about 1100ms to 160 ms for a typical pipe line. On the other hand air in a rising main, wheather in solution or in bubble from can have number of ill effects. =Cavitation - The formation of vacuous cavities which subsequently rapidly collapse and erode the pump or pipe=Headloss - Accelerating water past air pockets formed in pipes, leading to head losses=Other forms may include surging, Corrosion, reduced pump efiiciency, malfunctioning of valves or vibrations A pipeline designer therefore has to factor in all the aforesaid, the critical level of permissible vaccum inside a pipeline to prevent collapse vis-a-vis the suction and discharge capacity of an air valve (curves on request) before deciding upon the type, size, spacing and location of these air valves.