Green Tuff

Nilakkottai, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu

Toughened or tempered glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the inner surfaces into tension. Such stresses cause the glass, when broken, to crumble into small granular chunks instead of splintering into jagged shards as plate glass (aka: annealed glass) creates. The granular chunks are less likely to cause injury.

Manufacturing Process

Toughened glass can be made from annealed glass via a thermal tempering process. The glass is placed onto a roller table, taking it through a furnace that heats it well above its transition temperature of 564 C (1, 047 F) to around 620 C (1, 148 F). The glass is then rapidly cooled with forced air drafts while the inner portion remains free to flow for a short time.

An alternative chemical toughening process involves forcing a surface layer of glass at least 0.1 mm thick into compression by ion exchange of the sodium ions in the glass surface with potassium ions (which are 30% larger), by immersion of the glass into a bath of molten potassium nitrate. Chemical toughening results in increased toughness compared with thermal toughening and can be applied to glass objects of complex shapes

Benefits of Toughened Glass

High in strength- it is four to five times stronger than a annealed glass.
Safety- it disintegrates into relatively smaller pieces when broken by pressure that reduces serious injuries.
Edge strength- it has comparatively strong edges than normal ordinary glasses.
Thermal breakage- it is highly resistant to stand any kind of breakage.

Insulating glass (IG), more commonly known as double glazing (or double-pane, and increasingly triple glazing/pane), consists of two or three glass window panes separated by a vacuum or gas filled space to reduce heat transfer across a part of the building envelope. Insulating glass is a very effective way to reduce air-to-heat transfer through the glazing.

Insulating glass units (IGUs) are manufactured with glass in range of thickness from 3 to 10 mm (1/8" to 3/8") or more in special applications. Laminated or tempered glass may also be used as part of the construction. Most units are produced with the same thickness of glass used on both panes but special applications such as acoustic attenuation or security may require wide ranges of thicknesses to be incorporated in the same unit.

Laminated glass, regard as Safety glass, consist of two or more panes of glass with one or more layers of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) sandwiched between them and treated. The glass panes can be basic float glass or tempered or heat strengthened panel. If the glass is broken fragments tend to adhere to the PVB interlayer thereby reducing the risk of injury from falling glass and helping to resist further impact or weather damage. PVB membrane has good tenacity performance and when the laminated glass breaks due to violent force, the PVB will absorb a large amount of impact energy and disperse it rapidly. Therefore, its hard to break the laminated glass and the shape of the glass may be maintained even if being broken. Furthermore, personnel inside and outside the buildings will not be hurt by the glass fragment.

PVB laminated glass is manufactured by combining two or more annealed or heat treated glass sheets bonded with one or more of PVB interlayers and subjected to heat and pressure, in order to ensure perfect adhesion between the constituent elements.

Safety
Security
Sound Reduction
Solar Energy Control
UV Control
Durability
Design Versatility
Installation Ease

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