Lump ore is relatively unprocessed apart from crushing to produce a product with an average size of 6 mm to 30 mm. Lump ore with a high iron and low impurity content, coupled with a high strength at high temperature is considered to be a premium product.
Manganese (Mn) is the twelfth most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Amongst about 300 minerals containing manganese only about a dozen are of economic significance. The two main manganese minerals are pyrolusite (MnO2) and rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Manganese is the fourth most used metal in terms of tonnage after iron, aluminium and copper and 90% of all manganese consumed annually goes into steel as an alloying agent.
The only ores of chromium are the minerals chromite and magnesiochromite. Most of the time, economic geology names chromite the whole chromite-magnesiochromite series: FeCr2O4, (Fe, Mg)Cr2O4, (Mg, Fe)Cr2O4 and MgCr2O4.