Laboratory Apparatus #1397918

Description: a pitot tube is used to measure the local velocity at a given point in the flow stress. A pitot tube of standard design made of copperss is supplied and is fixed below vernier scale. The vernier scale is capable to measure the position of pitot tube in transparent section. the pipe has a flow control valve to regulate the flow. A u-tube manometer is provided to determine the velocity head. Present set-up is self-contained water re-circulating unit, provided with a sump tank and a centrifugal pump etc. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water line to conduct the experiment on different flow rates. Flow rate of water is measured with the help of measuring tank and stop watch.Experimentation:to find the point velocity at the center of a tube for different flow rates of water and calibrate the pitot tube.to plot velocity profile across the cross section of pipe.Utilities required:electricity supply: single phase, 220v ac, 50hz, 5-15 amp combined socket with earth connection.water supply (initial fill).floor drain required.floor area required: 1.5 x 0.75 m.chemical required: ccl4 - 50 ml and iodine pallets for ccl4.Technical details:pitot tube : material copperss of compatible size fitted with vernies scale.test section : material clear acrylic, compatible to 1 dia. Pipe.water circulation : fhp pump, crompton make.flow measurement : using measuring tank with piezometer (capacity 25 ltrs.)

The Creative Labs unit consist of a circular pipe, loosing heat by forced convection to air, being forced through it. Constant heat flux is added to pipe by an electrical heater, provided with input control. The pipe surface temperature is measurement at various points along length of pipe. Temperature of air at inlet and outlet of test section are measured. Thus the students can calculate local and overall heat transfer coefficients in forced convection, at various airflow rates and various heat flux values.

the natural frequency of a system coincides with the external forcing system frequency the phenomenon is called resonance. The speed at which resonance occurs is known as critical speeds. These speeds are also called whirling speeds or whipping. Supported end conditions: Make use of end blocks with single self-aligning bearing. Fixed end conditions: -Make use of end blocks with double bearing. The guards D1 & D2 can be fixed at any position on the supporting bar frame, which fits on side support F. Rotating shafts are to be fitted in blocks in A &B stands.

Forced vortex flow is an example of rotational flow and can be generated by rotating a cylinder containing a fluid about its axis or by rotating a paddle in a large volume of fluid. Under steady conditions, each particle will move with the same angular velocity and there will not be any relative motion between fluid particles. Streamlines for such a flow will be concentric circles and the total energy is constant along a streamline but varies from one streamline to another.

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Apparatus is a motorized unit consisting of a camshaft driven by a variable speed motor. The shaft runs in a double bearing. The free end of the camshaft has a facility to mount the cam easily. The follower is properly guided in gunmetal bushes and the type of follower can be changed according to the cam under test. Graduated circular protractor is fitted co-axial with the shaft. And a Dial Gauge fitted on the follower shaft is used to note the follower displacement for the angle of cam rotation. A spring is used to provide controlling force to the follower system. Weights on the follower shaft can be adjusted as per the requirement. An arrangement is provided to regulate the speed. The apparatus is very useful for testing the cam performance for jump phenomenon during operation. On this apparatus the effect of change of inertia forces on jump action of cam-follower during operation can be observed. It is useful for testing various cam & follower pairs. Three cams and three followers will be supplied with the apparatus. Theses are already hardened to reduce the wear.

a pin type fin heated by a band heater at one end. A centrifugal blower draws air over the fin. Thermocouples are attached along the length of fin to note down the longitudinal temperature gradient. Heat input to the fin is measured from electrical input to the fin. An orifice and water manometer measures airflow. Thus the students can conduct the experiments in natural convection and at various airflow rates, various heat inputs and with fins of different materials. Fins- 12mm. OD. 100mm long, with 5 thermocouples Along the length. Heater- Band heater to heat one end of fin. Airflow duct- 100mm. X 150mm. And mtr. Long, connected at suction of blower and is provided with bell mouth entry. Centrifugal blower of variable speed of suitable capacity provided with orifice and water manometer.